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Prediction of Cervical Cancer Using Machine Learning
Published in Meenu Gupta, Rachna Jain, Arun Solanki, Fadi Al-Turjman, Cancer Prediction for Industrial IoT 4.0: A Machine Learning Perspective, 2021
Ashish Kumar, Revant Singh Rai, Mehdi Gheisari
Tumors are further divided into three main categories: benign, premalignant, and malignant. Benign tumors contain cells that are restricted to one area and are not able to spread further throughout the body, but malignant tumors contain cancerous cells that are able to freely move and spread through the lymphatic system or bloodstream in the human body.
Malignant Neoplasms
Published in Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson, Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson
Cancer, a group of many diseases which represents over 200 different diagnoses, occurs when cells in the body mutate and proliferate in an uncontrolled manner. Cancers are often categorized as solid, hematological (or liquid), or central nervous system (CNS) types. Solid cancers, most commonly identified as carcinomas or sarcomas, form an abnormal mass called a tumor or lesion, and are most frequently identified by the tissue of origin. Hematological tumors are considered systemic and include blood and lymphatic cancers such as leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma, as well as myelodysplastic syndrome. CNS tumors can occur anywhere within the nervous system, including the brain, meninges, or spinal cord. Tumors are generally classified as either benign, that is, unable or unlikely to spread to distant parts of the body and considered non-cancerous, or malignant, comprised of cancer cells and capable of invading surrounding tissues. Additionally, tumors are considered as either primary, or from the anatomical location and tissue of origin, or metastatic, referring to distant spread from the original location of origin to other areas of the body.
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Agostino Pierro, Miguel Guelfland, Annika Mutanen
The prognosis for patients with SCT is dependent on the following: Antenatal/obstetric factors: Hydrops or placentomegaly is associated with almost 100% mortality, while dystocia or tumor rupture during delivery may be associated with exsanguinating hemorrhage.Age at diagnosis: The risk of malignant transformation in a benign lesion increases with age.Tumor histology and stage: Up to 95% of benign tumors can be cured with excision surgery alone. Prognoses of malignant tumors are dependent on tumor type, stage, and location. Survival with malignant tumors can be achieved in up to 90% of cases using a combination of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, although the risk of late recurrences or second malignancies persists. Following surgical excision, mature teratomas are associated with an 11% risk of recurrence within 5 years.Surgical factors: Recurrence is more likely with incompletely excised lesions or in the absence of coccygectomy. Failure to remove the coccyx is associated with a 30% incidence of recurrence, with more than 50% of cases being malignant.
Advancement in transporter-oriented nanoplatforms for cancer therapy
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Yunchun Zhao, Shuya Ye, Yao Zhu, Yue Chen, Shan Yang, Fengmei Wang, Rong Wang, Dongxu Qin, Dongli Sun, Caihong Zheng
Cancer represents a highly significant threat to human health, despite the many efforts that have been made to address the consequences of malignancy. One of the most striking features of tumour cells is their uncontrolled and progressive proliferation, along with the abundance of nutrients needed to sustain this abnormal growth. Recent research has revealed that tumour cells overexpress several nutrient transporters. These membrane transporters are the best available natural targets for the administration of tumour relevant anticancer drugs. Herein, we discuss the impressive capabilities of tumour-targeting nanocarriers based on transporters, with particular emphasis on the targeting of overexpressed membrane transporters on tumour cells and dual-targeting strategies based on transporters (Table 1). Our intention is to provide reference guidelines for future research and clinical application.
The expression and mutation of BRCA1/2 genes in ovarian cancer: a global systematic study
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2023
Dinh-Toi Chu, Mai Vu Ngoc Suong, Hue Vu Thi, Thuy-Duong Vu, Manh-Hung Nguyen, Vijai Singh
There are three types of OC corresponding to three types of cells developing tumors: epithelial tumor, germ cell tumor, and stromal tumor. Among them, epithelial cancer is the most prevalent type [1]. The symptoms of OC are not apparent when being diagnosed at an early stage. However, when the tumor becomes malignant, some symptoms can be noticeable, including pain or swelling in the abdomen or pelvic area, appetite loss, and gastrointestinal issues, bloating, or constipation [5]. Among several factors raising the risk of OC in women, family history and genetic syndrome are the most common risk factors of OC [6] since over 20% of ovarian tumors are associated with genetic mutations [7]. Other factors related to OC include herbicides, pesticides, talc, smoking, ovarian stimulation therapy, hormone replacement therapy, menopause, and oral contraceptives [8]. Like other types of cancer, ovarian tumors can be removed by surgery, but it is only effective when cancer is benign [9]. When it reaches a higher level of malignancy, chemotherapy is recommended [10]. Recently, the role of stem cells in the success of OC treatment has been discovered, as OC stem cells affect such disease manifestations, progression, recurrence, and treatment output [11].
Epidemiological Assessment of Oral Cancer Burden in Pakistan
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2021
Naila Malkani, Sara Kazmi, Muhammad Usman Rashid
As per Globocan 2020, approximately 657,000 new oral cancer cases are reported every year worldwide (4). Of these cases, the majority are presented in South and Central Asia including Pakistan. It is the second most common cancer in Pakistan and accounts for 10.9% of all new cancers and 11.3% of cancer-related deaths. The major type of oral cancer is “Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)” and accounts for 90% of all oral cancer cases whereas the remaining cases belong to other cancer types (5). Despite the ease of access to the oral cavity, this cancer is usually detected in the advanced disease stage and therefore has a low survival rate (6). Hence, it is crucial to identify potential risk factors associated with this malignancy. Little is known about the disease epidemiology, risk factors, and the impact of available health resources in Pakistan. Here we comprehensively describe each of these aspects.