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The Precision Medicine Approach in Oncology
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Cancer metastasis (Figure 11.8) is the process by which cancer cells detach from the initial primary tumor and spread to form secondary tumors in distant organs and tissues via the blood and lymph systems. The cells which move into the circulatory blood system are known as Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), or less commonly as Circulating Cancer Cells (CCCs). Their presence in the blood stream was first discovered by the Austrian pathologist Thomas Ashworth in 1869.
Lung Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Common sites of metastases include the liver, bone, adrenal glands, and brain. Liver metastases are seen in more than 35% of patients at autopsy, and characteristic symptoms are pain and a feeling of fullness. Bone lesions occur in about 25% of patients. These are usually lytic and occur most commonly in the spine, pelvis, and femur. Brain metastases are particularly common in SCLC and adenocarcinoma, seen in up to 44% of patients at autopsy. They can present with focal neurological deficits, with features of raised intracranial pressure such as headaches and vomiting, with impaired mental function, or with personality changes. The incidence of adrenal metastasis may be as high as 30%, although patients often remain asymptomatic.
Regional Therapy of Liver Metastases: A Surgeon’s View
Published in Neville Willmott, John Daly, Microspheres and Regional Cancer Therapy, 2020
Early detection of metastases is a prerequisite to improving the beneficial effect of therapy. The smaller the tumor load, the more effective any therapy aimed at metastatic disease will be. It is also important for the surgeon contemplating curative hepatic resection for metastatic disease to preoperatively estimate the extent of disease. However, not uncommonly, at the time of surgery patients are found to be unresectable due to previously undetected metastases or, perhaps of greater concern, patients are resected and further liver metastases or extrahepatic metastases are detected within a few weeks of surgery.
Upregulation of miRNA-10a-5p promotes tumor progression in cervical cancer by suppressing UBE2I signaling
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Yannan Gu, Xiaodan Feng, Yanqi Jin, Yuanlin Liu, Li Zeng, Dachun Zhou, Yuling Feng
Cervical cancer has long been the greatest threat to women’s health and quality of life, frequently occurring among patients aged between 40 and 60 years old (Waggoner 2003). In recent years, however, statistics have shown that the age of disease onset tends to be younger (He and Li 2021). The mortality of cervical cancer has been reduced to some extent due to therapeutic advancement (D’Oria et al.2022). However, tumor metastasis and recurrence are still the primary inducements affecting prognosis. Pre-operative conization before radical hysterectomy could reduce early cervical cancer recurrence rate (Bizzarri et al.2021b; Casarin et al.2021), whereas the postoperative complications may impair urinary bladder function (Kietpeerakool et al.2019). Therefore, exploring the mechanisms related to CC initiation and progression is imperative for finding promising therapeutic regimens.
Identification of novel non-toxic and anti-angiogenic α-fluorinated chalcones as potent colchicine binding site inhibitors
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Moran Sun, Minghua Yuan, Yingying Kang, Jinling Qin, Yixin Zhang, Yongtao Duan, Longfei Wang, Yongfang Yao
Metastasis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. Microtubules-targeting inhibitors have also been reported to interfere with cell migration and invasion. Accordingly, the in vitro would healing assay and Transwell assays were performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of compound 4c on the migration and invasion of MGC-803 cells. As shown Figure 8(A,C), the scratches healing rate in the control group was approximately 64%. By contrast, the cells treated with 4c have much smaller scratched areas recovery at all concentrations. In particular, the migration rates were only 10% at 72 nM of 4c treatment after 48 h, which indicated that 4c could significantly impaired the migration of MGC-803 cells, and it was positively correlated with the concentration of 4c. Cell invasion is an important malignant behaviour during cancer metastasis. In Tanswell assay, MGC-803 cells were seeded into upper chambers with pre-coated Matrigel stimulating base membrane in order to assess the cellular invasion. The data shown in Figure 8(B,D) demonstrated that after 4c treatment, MGC-803 cells exhibited significant reduced invasion ability, mainly characterised by the decrease in absorbance value of crystal violet and the amount of MGC-3 cell invasion from the upper layer to lower layer compared with control group. These results suggested that compound 4c could inhibit tumour cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.
EHD2 Overexpression Suppresses the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Human Colon Cancer
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2021
Chengqi Guan, Cuihua Lu, Mingbing Xiao, Weichang Chen
Metastasis is the transmission of malignant tumor cells to a distant site from the original site of the tumor. It remains to be the most common cause of lethal outcomes in various malignant tumors. It is a great challenge to obtain an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to metastasis in therapeutic strategies (8). An increasing amount of research suggests that the invasive feature of cancers is usually achieved by membrane trafficking (9). Specifically, membrane trafficking can modulate nutrient uptake and extracellular molecular signals by regulating the receptor and transporter locations on the plasma membrane. It also stabilizes the cell polarity, shape, and structure, together with organ function and architecture (10). Thus, membrane trafficking is crucial for cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, especially tumorigenesis and development (11).