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The art and science of mindfulness
Published in Antonella Sansone, Cultivating Mindfulness to Raise Children Who Thrive, 2020
There are striking links between mindful awareness, secure attachment and right-hemisphere involvement outcomes. Allan Schore’s work on attachment and development, which brings together neurological, biological and psychological studies, emphasises the fundamental role of the right brain in emotional regulation, healthy physiological and psychological development and healthy development of the immune system (Schore, 2003a, 2003b). Schore writes of non-conscious right-brain to right-brain communications (non-verbal) between parent and infant, which develop regulation (or dysregulation when it is poor) of the autonomic nervous system. The right hemisphere plays an important role in the development of emotional intelligence, creativity, empathy, autobiographical memory and self-reflection. Interestingly, interdisciplinary studies of creativity propose the right-brain hemisphere as the seat of creativity. The baby and young child need the mother’s right-brain involvement in their interactions to thrive physiologically, neurologically and psychologically. She needs right-brain to right-brain communications to learn empathy; compassion; awareness of her own emotions, thus of others’ emotions; and self-reflection and to develop autobiographical memory.
Immune Response and CNS Injury
Published in Martin Berry, Ann Logan, CNS Injuries: Cellular Responses and Pharmacological Strategies, 2019
Rasmussen’s encephalitis is a possible exception. This is a rare form of focal epilepsy associated with pronounced focal cortical inflammation. The condition may be associated with antibodies to the glutamate receptor type R375–77 and it has been suggested that it is triggered by brain damage or infection, these events opening the BBB to the circulating antibodies, although how these arise is not known (it is possible that they represent cross-reactive antibodies generated against bacterial periplasmic amino acid-binding proteins78). Interestingly, the lesion is typically unilateral and does not spread to the contralateral hemisphere even after hemispherectomy.79 Why the lesion does not spread is unclear if all it requires is a break in the BBB subsequent to an activation of microglia and perivascular macrophages. Activation of these cells following unilateral lesioning appears not to spread generally across the midline (personal observations), as is also the case with astrocyte activation.80 Similarly, following a local antigenic induction of inflammation the response spreads throughout the ipsilateral cortex but not the contralateral.28,39 It is unlikely that this asymmetric spread of activation is due to either a humoral factor alone or intrinsic neural paths, but may reflect a spread along the ipsilateral vascular tree, possibly through a paracrine mechanism via the perivascular macrophages and microglia.
Information processing
Published in Andrea Utley, Motor Control, Learning and Development, 2018
It has long been suggested that the hemispheres of the cerebrum are specialized for different tasks (Sperry 1961). For example, the left hemisphere is regarded as the verbal and logical brain, and the right hemisphere is thought to govern creativity and spatial relations (Weinstein and Graves 2002). In addition, we know that the right hemisphere controls the left hand, and the left hemisphere controls the right hand. In light of this, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that the left hand should be faster at reaction times involving spatial relationships (such as pointing at a target).
Heating of metallic biliary stents during magnetic hyperthermia of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: an in silico study
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Oriano Bottauscio, Irene Rubia-Rodríguez, Alessandro Arduino, Luca Zilberti, Mario Chiampi, Daniel Ortega
The set of admissible field directions coincides with a hemisphere (Figure 1), where each direction is identified by a segment OP from the center of the hemisphere (O) to a point on the hemisphere (P). The hemisphere is described in spherical coordinates, in which the latitude ψ is the angle between OP and its projection on the plane z = 0, whilst the longitude θ is the angle between the projection of OP in the plane z = 0 and the x-axis. Figure 3 shows the maps of the total power dissipated into the stent, the maximum power density within the stent and the corresponding maximum ΔT reached in the surrounding tissues after 30 min of exposure. The ratio between the maximum ΔT obtained with the field directions that maximize and minimize the heating of the stent is found to be around 1.75. Both with and without the bile in the duct, the maximum heating is obtained for a field orientation corresponding to ψ = 52° and θ = 130° (position identified as Bmax), which is off the MBS major axis.
The 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB-269970 alleviates seizure activity and downregulates hippocampal c-Fos expression in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindled rats
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Bilal Sahin, Ercan Ozdemir, Erkan Gumus, Mustafa Ergul, Ahmet Sevki Taskiran
Following kindling procedure, rats were placed electrodes to obtain electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings and rested for one-week recovery period. Subsequently, rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 7). Control group: Rats received normal saline (1 ml/kg, i.p.) every other day (EOD), for a total of 21 days, PTZ group: Rats received PTZ (35 mg/kg, EOD, i.p.) for 21 days and injected with normal saline (1 ml/kg, i.p.) 30 min before acute PTZ (35 mg/kg) injection, 5-Carboxamidotryptamine group: Rats received 5-CT (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before PTZ (35 mg/kg) injection and SB-269970 group: Rats received SB-269970 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before PTZ (35 mg/kg) injection (Figure 1). Drug doses were determined according to previous studies [22,23]. Following acute PTZ injections, animals were placed in open transparent plexiglass cages (50x40x40 cm in diameter). Animal behaviour was observed and ECoG activity was recorded for 30 minutes following each injection, and the seizure stages were determined based on the Racine scale (RS). After completion of the experimental process, all experimental animals were sacrificed by decapitation. Right- and left-brain hemispheres seperated. Right-brain tissue was removed and centrifuged following homogenization for GABA analysis in each sample and frozen at −80°C. Left-brain tissue samples reserved for histological examination were stored in neutral buffered formaldehyde.\
Nineteenth- and twentieth-century brain maps relating to locations and constructions of brain functions
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2022
Figure 20 from Price (2012) was chosen to illustrate this pattern. It shows a composite of spoken and written language-related cortical activations in the left hemisphere. The figure shows the locations of the variety of types of dependent variables possible with fMRI and PET studies. The requirements of the language tasks that elicited these locations were manipulated by the experimenter: For example, the subject may have spoken or heard sentences. The brain activations of the subjects as recorded by fMRIs and PET scans were dependent variable—the observed result of the experimental manipulations. Abbreviated names of the locations are within their circumscribed areas. The functions activated at the locations are color coded.15This figure appears in shades of gray in the printed form and in chromatic colors in the electronic version. The key to the abbreviations and to the color code can be found in Price (2012). The white areas, corresponding to Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, “are involved in both perception and production tasks with familiar stimuli” (Price 2012, 819). The figure shows the myriad of cortical areas associated with language tasks, but not how the areas are organized. The connections among areas were not sufficiently known to be included in the figure. Recent advances into visualizing network connections are beginning to cope with the enormity of the interconnections (Motta et al. 2019).