China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The cardiovascular system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Mary N Sheppard, C. Simon Herrington
The circulations affected vary: atherosclerosis targets the aorta, leg, coronary, cerebral, gut, and renal arteries. In people with diabetes or who smoke, the aorta and leg arteries are often diffusely and severely affected, causing peripheral vascular disease. In others, the cerebral and/or coronary arteries are sites of predilection. In young adults coronary arteries are most often targeted whereas severe cerebral atherosclerosis mainly affects elderly people. Pulmonary arteries are affected only in longstanding pulmonary hypertension, as can occur with congenital heart disease, and veins only when pressurized, typically when used as coronary artery autografts.
Rheology of Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Gordon D. O. Lowe, Clinical Blood Rheology, 2019
Gordon D. O. Lowe, C. D. Forbes
In a necropsy study, the previously measured hematocrit was correlated with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, and a significantly higher hematocrit was observed in the presence of myocardial infarction.150 In cerebrovascular disease, the hematocrit correlated with the extent of cerebral atherosclerosis, and with the presence of cerebral infarction at necropsy,151 and with the presence of carotid occlusion at angiography.152 Patients with peripheral arterial disease usually have extensive coronary artery disease and usually die of ischemic heart disease: the occurrence of abnormal blood rheology in peripheral arterial disease (Chapter 14, Volume II) is therefore consistent with the association of abnormal blood rheology with ischemic heart disease.
Cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Claude Leray, Dietary Lipids for Healthy Brain Function, 2017
It is now well established that aging is accompanied by a decrease of cognitive performance in most areas, with these decreases comparable to the decline observed in sensory functions. This decline of age-related cognitive capacities results from biological alterations of cerebral tissue. Indeed, the brain volume is progressively decreasing in parallel with important cellular changes, such as loss of dendrites and synapses. Modification of the cerebral microcirculation also is observed, leading to a decreased blood flow in the trophic capillary bed. Similarly, microvascular accidents and cerebral atherosclerosis have been found to induce neuronal loss in strategic areas.
Omega-3 fatty acid supplement reduces activation of NADPH oxidase in intracranial atherosclerosis stenosis
Published in Neurological Research, 2018
Jiamei Shen, Radhika Rastogi, Longfei Guan, Fengwu Li, Huishan Du, Xiaokun Geng, Yuchuan Ding
Given the above gap of knowledge in O3FA mechanisms and role in ICAS and the significant relationship between ICAS and stroke, it is crucial to understand whether O3FA intake might have similar anti-atherogenic effects in intracranial vessels as those observed in cardiovascular disease. This is particularly relevant because an optimal and clinically relevant preventative therapy for symptomatic ICAS has yet to be established. Moreover, the anti-atherogenic mechanisms behind O3FA with regards to intracranial vessels have yet not been determined. The overriding hypothesis of the present study is that O3FA intake prevents cerebral atherosclerosis. Specifically, we examined O3FA’s effect on underlying antioxidant and metabolic mechanisms, with a particular focus on ROS and NOX, in the prevention of ICAS.
A modified Essen Stroke Risk Score for predicting recurrent ischemic stroke at one year
Published in Neurological Research, 2018
Xia Ling, Shuang-Mei Yan, Bo Shen, Xu Yang
In our study, we first performed a univariate analysis to investigate the effect of previously identified risk factors on one-year recurrent stroke and performed multiple logistic regression analysis and screened out four candidates. Interestingly, hypertension >15y and diabetes >10y independently increased the risk of one-year recurrence instead of hypertension and diabetes (Tables 1 and 2). Then, we selected the cutoff points of the duration of hypertension and diabetes for risk assessment (hypertension >15y and diabetes >10y). We therefore, replaced hypertension and diabetes with hypertension >15y and diabetes >10y in the modified ESRS. It has been reported that the extent and severity of cerebral atherosclerosis were significantly related to the severity and duration of the hypertension and diabetes [28,29]. The semi-quantified risk assessments reflect the severity of cerebral atherosclerosis more accurately, and thus are able to objectively predict the risk of recurrence. In addition, the semi-quantified risk assessments are not susceptible to medication intervention.
Female sex as a risk factor in minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting
Published in Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, 2019
Jan Gofus, Martin Vobornik, Zdenek Sorm, Martin Dergel, Mikita Karalko, Jan Harrer, Marek Pojar
According to EuroSCORE II definition, urgent surgery was defined as a case when the patient was either not admitted for surgery electively, required an intervention or surgery at the time of admission, or could not be sent home for medical reasons [5]. Palliative revascularization was defined as a single-vessel revascularization of LAD in a patient with multi-vessel disease, who was declined complete treatment because of high operative risk. Hybrid revascularization was defined as a combined approach in the treatment of multi-vessel disease – surgical revascularization of LAD, and percutaneous intervention of other affected coronary vessels, regardless of the timing. Smoking status was divided into 3 categories: non-smokers, ex-smokers and smokers. Non-smokers were patients who had never smoked on a regular basis. Ex-smokers were those who had stopped smoking at least 1 month before surgery. Smokers were patients who were actively smoking or had stopped smoking less than 1 month before surgery. Cerebral atherosclerosis was a term used to describe a significant stenosis of cardinal cerebral arteries proven radiologically (by ultrasonography, angiography, or computed tomography). Peripheral atherosclerosis was defined as a significant stenosis of limb arteries proven radiologically as above. Stroke was defined as a history of transient ischemic attack or complete stroke. Wound complications included a wide spectrum of healing problems, from skin maceration to wound necrosis or dehiscence. Hence the category of extensive wound complications was created, to include only patients with the need for secondary wound healing or negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT).