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Clinical Sequelae and Functional Outcomes
Published in Mark A. Mentzer, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, 2020
A case of traumatic brain injury (craniocerebral trauma) is either: An occurrence of injury to the head (arising from blunt or penetrating trauma or from acceleration–deceleration forces) with at least one of the following: Observed or self-reported alteration of consciousness or amnesia due to head traumaNeurologic or neuropsychological changes or diagnoses of skull fracture or intracranial lesions that can be attributed to the head traumaOr an occurrence of death resulting from trauma with head injury or traumatic brain injury listed on the death certificate, autopsy report, or medical examiner’s report in the sequence of conditions that resulted in death
Obstruction of the Respiratory Orifices, Larynx, Trachea and Bronchia
Published in Burkhard Madea, Asphyxiation, Suffocation,and Neck Pressure Deaths, 2020
This generally applies to craniocerebral trauma accompanied by vomiting and possible aspiration of chyme. By comparison, fatal blood aspiration is less relevant to the onset of death in accidents. Asphyxiation due to foreign body aspiration in infants and small children may be considered accidental.
Association between pediatric TBI and mental health and substance use disorders: A scoping review
Published in Brain Injury, 2023
Nasrin Adams (Nejatbakhsh), Danielle Dawson, Mark Hutchison, Peter Selby
Two reviewers (NA and DD) independently performed database searches based on the following inclusion criteria: a) History of TBI or craniocerebral trauma, b) participants being 18 years of age or younger at the time of the injury and c) either a substance related disorder OR diagnosis of mental health disorder following TBI. Studies which included participants greater than 18 years of age at the time of injury, no documented history of TBI, and no associated substance use or mental health diagnosis were excluded (level 1 screening). The remaining articles then underwent manual review by the two reviewers to determine if they met inclusion/exclusion criteria (level 2 screening). A third reviewer was available at both levels in case of discrepancies. Inter-rater reliability was calculated by Cohen’s kappa on a random sample of 100 results in level 1 screening and on 10 studies eligible for level 2 screening (22).
Repair of the superior sagittal sinus following penetrating intracranial injury caused by nail gun accident: case report and technical note
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Eric S. Nussbaum, Patrick Graupman, Puja D. Patel
Penetrating craniocerebral injuries pose unique challenges in surgical treatment based on the location and extent of the injury and the potential for damage to the cerebral vasculature. Nail guns eject nails at a velocity of 40 m/s, resulting in injuries that are classified as low-impact velocity trauma (<100 m/s).1 This makes tissue laceration and maceration the primary pathologic events, rather than explosive shock waves and cavitation, which are caused by the high-impact velocity of some firearms.1,2 Nail-gun injuries can be fatal, depending on location, but have a better outcome than higher-velocity gunshot injuries due to the fact that lesions caused by nails are generated by low energetic kinetic mechanisms.3 The most complicated injuries after penetrating nail-gun trauma are vascular injuries that require repair after nail extraction.4 We present a successful individualized strategy for managing a rare occurrence of penetrating craniocerebral trauma resulting in a potentially life-threatening injury to the sagittal sinus.
Malignant cerebral edema after cranioplasty: a case report and literature review
Published in Brain Injury, 2023
Shaoxiong Wang, Yongxin Luan, Tao Peng, Guangming Wang, Lixiang Zhou, Wei Wu
Cranioplasty is a common treatment for patients undergoing decompression craniectomy (DC) due to craniocerebral trauma, acute cerebral infarction, and cerebral hemorrhage, etc, and is generally regarded as a simple and conventional operation. It can get control of the patient’s appearance, protect the brain tissue, and improve the cognitive ability of patients with cognitive dysfunction caused by skull defects. It can improve patient’s cognitive ability, protect brain tissue, and restore the cranium appearance (1). Complications of cranioplasty may amount to 41% (2).Frequent complications after cranioplasty mainly include postoperative infection, wound healing the disorder, epidural hematoma, and implant displacement (3,4), malignant cerebral edema rarely occurs after cranioplasty but would lead to a high fatality rate if occurred. Previous studies are agreed that the size of the skull defect, the traumatic etiology, and bilateral repair are risk factors for complications after the surgery. The risk of complications would increase even 12 months after cranioplasty (5) .However, risk factors related to malignant cerebral edema remain unclear. This article reports a case of death from malignant cerebral after cranioplasty and reviews previous literature to explore the potential causes and clinical manifestations of this rare complication.