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Chance Fracture
Published in Kelechi Eseonu, Nicolas Beresford-Cleary, Spine Surgery Vivas for the FRCS (Tr & Orth), 2022
Kelechi Eseonu, Nicolas Beresford-Cleary
This is a lumbar chance fracture. Chance fractures are a flexion-distraction thoracolumbar injury resulting from a failure of both the posterior and middle columns under tension, with failure of the anterior column under compression. The classical mechanism is high-velocity collision, with an anterior fulcrum such as a seatbelt. They can be bony, ligamentous or both. They are most seen in the thoracolumbar junction (T10–L2) in adults and in the lumbar spine in children. Up to 50% of cases have been associated with abdominal injuries.
Trauma
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Danielle M. Prentice, Lauren A. Plante
Correct seat belt use is also associated with better fetal outcomes: an in-depth physical and mechanical analysis of 57 MVCs involving pregnant patients demonstrated adverse fetal outcomes (death or damage) in 29% of correctly seat belted, 50% of improperly restrained, and 80% of unrestrained patients. [50]. However, severity of the crash was an independent predictor of poor fetal outcome: 85% of severe crashes (≥30 mph) in this sample were followed by fetal death, direct fetal injury, uterine rupture, or preterm delivery. A large study which linked birth records with state crash records in North Carolina concluded that the risk of stillbirth was tripled when a crash involved an unbelted pregnant driver, compared to a belted pregnant driver [51]. Seat belt restraints also have a protective role in low-velocity collisions. Impact testing using a crash-test dummy modeled to represent a patient at 30 weeks of pregnancy demonstrated two to three times higher peak abdominal pressure when the dummy was unrestrained compared to properly belted [52].
Transportation medicine
Published in Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones, Simpson's Forensic Medicine, 2019
Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones
The mandatory use of seat belts has had a profound effect on road traffic fatality rates in the UK and other countries where similar legislation has been enacted. The combination of a horizontal lap strap and diagonal shoulder strap was introduced as a satisfactory compromise between effectiveness and social acceptability. To be effective, a seat belt must (1) be worn and (2) worn correctly and any alteration in their fixing or structure can compromise their efficacy (Box 19.2).
Investigating the role of health belief model on seat belt use for front seat passengers on urban and rural roads
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2023
Farimah Zabihi, Seyed Rasoul Davoodi, Trond Nordfjaern
The main aim of the road transport system is to ease and assist people’s mobility from one place to another. Nevertheless, this system comes with a significant risk, including road traffic accidents. Reports indicated that in 2016, nearly 1.24 million people were killed while between 20 and 50 million people were disabled as a result of vehicle-related accidents (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2018). Seat belts prevent vehicle users from being thrown out from the vehicle or getting hit by objects close by during vehicle accidents. Although seat belts have life-saving potentials (Beck et al., 2018; Goetzke & Islam, 2015; Gras et al., 2007; Lajunen & Räsänen, 2004; Mehri et al., 2015; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2018; Tavafian et al., 2015), 48% of people globally fail to fasten their safety belts (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2018). The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimated that the number of deceased front-seat passengers would be reduced by 45% if the seat belt usage was 100% (Van Houten et al., 2014). However, the massive number of vehicle accidents and low safety belt use rates may increase the traffic accident injuries and fatalities in the years to come (Huang et al., 2011).
Exploring new methods and new areas for safety
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2022
Safety belts or seat belts have evolved as an effective restraint system for car occupants since early 1970s. Most countries have mandated the use of seat belts in passenger cars by law. However, use of safety belts in buses, has been under discussion for many years. Recently, seatbelts have been introduced in intercity buses in a few countries. More recently its use has become mandatory in Ghana. Paul Okyere, et al, from Ghana and the USA have made a presentation on seat-belt use by inter-city bus passengers in Ghana. It was observed that the number of passengers on an intercity bus who used the seat-belt increased when prompted to do so by the driver. The self-reported passengers tended to over inflate seat-belt use as compared to those whom the survey covered. We hope to report more studies measuring the effectiveness of seatbelts in buses in future.
A bibliometric analysis of road traffic injury research themes, 1928–2018
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2021
Linlin Jing, Wei Shan, Yingyu Zhang
Third, in the strategic diagram, ‘C3 health & injury’ is located in the first quadrant and has high centrality and density, which means that it is closely related to other clusters. This cluster includes studies in the fields of psychology and medicine. Measures for reducing injuries have been proposed by numerous researchers. For example, Baru et al. (2019) found that helmet use and victim type are important factors affecting the degree of injury. Use of seat belts can reduce the risk of death and injury (Mbarga et al., 2018). Future studies must further understand the effects of these factors on injuries in different types of accidents. The treatment that is effective for trauma from different causes must also be included in future research. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a topic of great concern to scholars. How to connect with the emergency department to strengthen the early detection and follow-up of PTSD patients has practical significance (Mirza et al., 1998).