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Ear Trauma
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Minor head injuries are extremely common. Concussion (synonymous with mild traumatic brain injury) is a brief loss of consciousness, or any change in mental state, at the time of the accident. A subjective transient hearing loss occurs in 52% of cases lasting for up to 2 days, but there is little evidence for permanent loss. Tinnitus and hyperacusis are common. True vertigo is the only definite otological symptom occurring in 25% of cases, almost always disappearing within 10 days. Non-specific dizziness, often postural perceptive, occurs in many more cases.
‘It's My Concussion Story, and I Want it to be Heard’
Published in Adam Gledhill, Dale Forsdyke, The Psychology of Sports Injury, 2021
Osman Hassan Ahmed, Eric E. Hall, Caroline J. Ketcham
The long-term impact of SRC often focuses on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Chronic Traumatic Encephalography (Sundman et al., 2014). Generally however, the long-lasting effects of a concussion can be seen through changes in both quality of life and sleep (Ahman et al., 2013; Blake et al., 2019; Emanuelson et al., 2003; Kuehl et al., 2010). In the study by Ahman et al. (2013), almost half of the participants still reported fatigue, poor memory, headache, frustration and depression 3 years following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Some of these participants still reported difficulties 11 years following their mTBI.
Micronutrients in Improvement of the Standard Therapy in Traumatic Brain Injury
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Micronutrients in Health and Disease, 2019
Brain deformation may occur after the primary head acceleration.1 Damage to the midbrain correlated with memory and cognitive problems after concussions. The major commonly symptoms observed after concussions include impairment of memory, processing speed, verbal memory, and executive function.8,9 An early onset of dementia may be initiated by repetitive concussions in professional football players.10,11 Balance disorders are also considered one of the major health problems with the concussive injury.11
An exploratory study into the relationship between playing at home or away and concussion
Published in Brain Injury, 2023
Nathan Howarth, Adam J White, John Batten, Alan J Pearce, Michelle A Miller
As the most common and reported injury in professional Rugby Union (hereon rugby) players, concussion is a significant concern for rugby teams and governing bodies (25). In England, the prevalence of concussion in rugby varies by level, yet remains the most frequent injury. The Rugby Football Union in 2019/2020 seasons reported 9.0 concussions per 1,000 playing hours in youth teams (26), 17.4 in university teams (27) and 19.8 in professional teams (28) in injury surveillance projects. Concussions are induced through direct or indirect forces to the brain, which result in axon augmentation and the release of a neurometabolic cascade, causing inflammation and a variety of symptoms (e.g., headaches, emotional dysfunction, memory loss, loss of consciousness) (29, 30). Reported symptoms and observed signs are the most effective mechanism of diagnosing and monitoring a concussion. Rest, recovery, and graduated return to activity with early exposure to low intensity aerobic exercise is currently the most appropriate management for a concussion (31).
Comparison of self-reported lifetime concussions and mild traumatic brain injuries among adults
Published in Brain Injury, 2023
Jill Daugherty, Kelly Sarmiento, Matthew Breiding
Respondents were randomly assigned to receive one of two questions: A concussion can happen anytime a blow to the head causes you to have one or more symptoms, whether just for a short time or lasting a while. Symptoms include: blurred or double vision, being bothered by light or noise, headaches, dizziness or balance problems, nausea, vomiting, trouble sleeping, feeling tired, being dazed or confused, trouble remembering, trouble concentrating, or being knocked out. In your lifetime, do you believe that you have ever had a concussion?A mild traumatic brain injury can happen anytime a blow to the head causes you to have one or more symptoms, whether just for a short time or lasting a while. Symptoms include: blurred or double vision, being bothered by light or noise, headaches, dizziness or balance problems, nausea, vomiting, trouble sleeping, feeling tired, being dazed or confused, trouble remembering, trouble concentrating, or being knocked out. In your lifetime, do you believe that you have ever had a mild traumatic brain injury?
The Toronto Concussion Study: Sense of smell is not associated with concussion severity or recovery
Published in Brain Injury, 2022
Evan Foster, Mark Bayley, Laura Langer, Cristina Saverino, Tharshini Chandra, Claire Barnard, Paul Comper
A number of studies have examined early prognostic factors for recovery after mTBI, the most frequent occurring type of TBI accounting for 90% of all TBIs (5–7). Commonly reported symptoms of concussion may include somatic symptoms such as: headache or dizziness, cognitive symptoms such as: memory problems or difficulty concentrating, as well as emotional symptoms such as: feeling overly anxious or irritated. Fortunately, symptoms of concussion often spontaneously resolve within 3 months of injury (8). However, about 15% of individuals with concussion will continue to experience persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) beyond 3 months (9). For this reason, concussion researchers have been interested in identifying biomarkers that can be used in the acute and post-acute stages of concussion, to predict those who may experience PPCS. Because of its relationship with severity of forces applied to the head, sense of smell could be an excellent biomarker of both severity of injury and recovery from concussion.