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Health and Safety Issues of Nanotechnology in Food Applications
Published in Shiji Mathew, E.K. Radhakrishnan, Nano-Innovations in Food Packaging, 2023
Shiji Mathew, E.K. Radhakrishnan
Another important factor that promotes the toxicity of nanoparticles is the formation of surface protein corona. The proteins present in biological fluids can bind to nanoparticles and generate a surface coating known as protein corona. This can have adverse effects on the normal functioning of biological systems (Liu et al., 2020; Monopoli et al., 2012; Tenzer et al., 2013). So, it is imperative to investigate the possibility of such corona formation before the application of nanoparticles in food commodities. Figure 9.2 summarizes the different physicochemical factors of nanoparticles that influence their toxic behavior. All these evidences show that for effective inclusion in food products, these physicochemical parameters of nanoparticles must be considered seriously and hence rationally engineered for keeping their toxicity issues in count.
Rapid Formation of Plasma Protein Corona Critically Affects Nanoparticle Pathophysiology
Published in Lajos P. Balogh, Nano-Enabled Medical Applications, 2020
Stefan Tenzer, Dominic Docter, Jörg Kuharev, Anna Musyanovych, Verena Fetz, Rouven Hecht, Florian Schlenk, Dagmar Fischer, Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi, Christoph Reinhardt, Katharina Landfester, Hansjörg Schild, Michael Maskos, Shirley K. Knauer, Roland H. Stauber
The use of nanomaterials in biomedical and biotechnological applications is growing, and there is also an increasing probability that such materials will be released into the environment as consumer products [1–6]. Owing to their high surface free energy, nanomaterials adsorb biomolecules on contact with biological fluids [7, 8]. In particular, proteins bind to the surface of nanoparticles to form a biological coating around the nanoparticle, known as the protein corona. This corona affects the biological identity of the nanoparticle and may thus affect biomedical applications or modulate nanotoxicological effects, including ecotoxicology [6, 7, 9–11]. Therefore, in the development of nanomaterials for any kind of biological or biomedical applications [8, 10, 12–16], it is essential to understand the formation and kinetic evolution of the protein corona.
Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
However, there are major issues to be tackled prior to its general clinical approval or even its reintroduction as a stand-alone effective cancer treatment. The hydrodynamic diameter of the MNPs with a biological system may be dramatically different than the magnetically “active” diameter. Accurate measurement of something as fundamental as the hydrodynamic diameter becomes a tricky operation because of effects of protein corona formation, adding layers of complexity. Hydrodynamic diameter plays an important role in true effectiveness and potential side effects of a particular non-medical system based on particle uptake by cells and clearance from the biological system which will govern its approval and adoption in the clinic. Specifically, the hydrodynamic diameter will dictate the blood flow rate, the infusion route and the circulation time while the ferrofluid concentration may require adjustments since the magnetic ingredient may become a small part of a much bigger entity.
Interaction of micro(nano)plastics with extracellular and intracellular biomolecules in the freshwater environment
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
MNPs may interact with extracellular (EPS, FA, HA, alginate, etc.) and intracellular (ARGs, MGEs, DNA, proteins, etc.) biomolecules after entering the environment, resulting in the creation of eco-corona and biofilms, respectively. The term “environmental corona or eco-corona” refers to the encapsulating of manufactured or environmentally generated non-plastic or plastic particles by biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, etc. in the environment (Grassi et al., 2020; Junaid & Wang, 2021). This concept is lately adopted from the term “ protein corona or bio-corona”, which is defined as the vigorous coating of nanoparticles by various biomolecules when they enter a biological system (Cedervall et al., 2007). Table 1 provides an overview of current research emphasizing the interaction of plastic particles with extracellular and intracellular biomolecules in freshwater.
Toxicity in vitro reveals potential impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics on human health: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Qingying Shi, Jingchun Tang, Rutao Liu, Lan Wang
In biological fluids, proteins bind to the surface of nanoparticles to form a coating known as the protein corona, which can critically affect the interaction of the nanoparticles with cells (Jiang et al., 2010b). It’s reported that in the presence or absence of serum, the uptake mechanisms were distinguished from all tested cell types and functionalized PS NPs particles (Lunov et al., 2011a). Macrophages internalized the carboxylated PS particles mainly via clathrin-dependent and dynamin-dependent endocytosis and the amino-functionalized PS particles were apparently taken up via macropinocytosis in buffer, whereas macrophages apparently internalized both carboxylated and amino-functionalized NPs mainly by phagocytosis in serum-containing medium. Also, THP-1 cells took up both carboxylated PS particles and amino-functionalized PS particles by macropinocytosis under buffer conditions, while they apparently took up both NPs by dynamin-dependent endocytosis in the presence of serum.
Antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles in the context of advantages and potential risks of their use
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2021
A new direction for surface modification of nanoparticles is the use of coatings derived directly from cells. Researchers are now directly using naturally derived cell membranes as a way to give nanoparticles enhanced biointeraction capabilities.[66,67] The technique remains readily applicable and has the potential to greatly expand existing nanoparticles. Furthermore, the introduction of a natural membrane substrate onto nanoparticle surfaces has enabled additional applications beyond those traditionally associated with nanomedicine.[68] Simon et al.[69] developed a synthesis of nanoparticles coated with immunoglobulin-deficient plasma, thereby forming a protein corona for the particles. Such a protein corona, reduced cellular uptake by immune cells and remained stable even after reintroduction of the nanoparticles into the plasma. This provides great potential for exploiting protein corona formation, which will significantly impact the development of new nanomaterials.