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Recent Advances in Nanofertilizer Development
Published in Sunil K. Deshmukh, Mandira Kochar, Pawan Kaur, Pushplata Prasad Singh, Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Environmental Science, 2023
Nanofertilizers are new-age fertilizers that can be used in lower dosages for slow/ controlled release of nutrients in comparison to bulk fertilizers (Reynolds, 2002; Batsmanova et al., 2013; Subramanian et al., 2015; Adisa et al., 2019). They thus enhance their efficacy in terms of plant growth and yield. The nanoparticles are synthesized using various physical and chemical processes. However, these processes are complex involving high temperature, pressure conditions along with the use of toxic chemicals thus making them harmful to the environment, whereas biological routes of synthesis are environment friendly as well as cost-effective. Biological entities have a unique potential to synthesize molecules with selective properties, thus becoming a potential tool for nanoparticles synthesis (Yadav et al., 2008). Biosynthesis has been carried out by exploiting various microbes and plant extracts (Bharde et al., 2008; Ghormade et al., 2011; Iravani et al., 2011; Mazumdar et al., 2011; Waghmare et al., 2011; Srivastava et al., 2012; Jayaseelan et al., 2012; Jain et al., 2013; Byrne et al., 2014; Sarkar et al., 2014; Singh et al., 2014; Panpatte et al., 2016; Bedi et al., 2018a; 2018b; Rajesh et al., 2018).
Integrative Approaches for Understanding and Designing Strategies of Bioremediation
Published in Amitava Rakshit, Manoj Parihar, Binoy Sarkar, Harikesh B. Singh, Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto, Bioremediation Science From Theory to Practice, 2021
Shiv Prasad, Sudha Kannojiya, Sandeep Kumar, Krishna Kumar Yadav, Monika Kundu, Amitava Rakshit
Therefore, it is necessary to study the complex behavior and identify the metabolites and their degradation pathways to find a more suitable solution for reducing environmental pollution, which is a significant thrust area. On the other hand, a systems biology approach involving omics tools such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, phenomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics could play an essential role in the study of this complex behavior of microbes (Singh and Shukla 2015). Recently, nanoparticle-based materials have been attracting considerable interest for their unique properties and the immense application potential in diverse areas. These nanoparticles have the potential to bind with the xenobiotic compounds and degrade them completely or transform in less harmful derivatives, which further help in efficient and eco-friendly environment cleaning.
Nanotechnology: History and Future
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Shalini Chaturvedi, Pragnesh N. Dave
Today, nanotechnology impacts human life every day. The potential benefits are many and diverse. However, because of extensive human exposure to nanoparticles, there is a significant concern about the potential health and environmental risks. These concerns lead to the emergence of additional scientific disciplines including nanotoxicology and nanomedicine. Nanotoxicology is the study of potential adverse health effects of nanoparticles. Nanomedicine, which includes subsectors such as tissue engineering, biomaterials, biosensors, and bioimaging, was developed to study the benefits and risks of nanomaterials used in medicine and medical devices. Some of the potential benefits of medical nanomaterials include improved drug delivery, antibacterial coatings of medical devices, reduced inflammation, better surgical tissue healing, and detection of circulating cancer cells. However, due to lack of reliable toxicity data, the potential to affect human health continues to be a major concern [10–15].
Investigating the EKC hypothesis with nanotechnology, renewable energy consumption, economic growth and ecological footprint in G7 countries: panel data analyses with structural breaks
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2023
Mucahit Aydin, Pınar Koc, Kadriye Izgi Sahpaz
In the literature, although it is mainly that nanotechnology reduces environmental degradation by increasing energy efficiency and savings and using renewable energy by providing cost advantage in production, there are also studies stressing that nanoparticles emissions can negatively affect human and environmental health (Pokrajac et al., 20021). Nanoparticles can have toxic effects on human and environmental health. Nanomaterials can also cause air and water pollution, which is too small to be detected easily, making nano pollution another man-made new environmental impact (Gavrilescu et al. 2018; Wright 2016). Toxicities such as Cadmium and Colloids originating from nanoparticles have the property of spreading pollution. But, the net effects of nanoparticles on environmental pollution have not been revealed yet (OECD 2016; UBA 2006). In this context, this study attempts to answer two main questions. First, how do nanotechnological innovations affect environmental degradation in G7 countries? Second, do nanotechnological innovations impress the validity of the EKC hypothesis in G7 countries? Analyzing the effects of nanotechnology on environmental quality is essential to increase the efficiency of green economy policies. In this context, this study is expected to contribute significantly to the literature.
A review on synthesis and applications of versatile nanomaterials
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
G. N. Kokila, C. Mallikarjunaswamy, V. Lakshmi Ranganatha
Nanoparticles are not seen by simple optical microscopy due to their small size which is less than average light having a wavelength between 4000 and 7000 Å. When materials are reduced to nanoscale from macroscale, they show different properties like transparent substance became opaque, durable materials became combustible, insulators became conductors, and solids may turn to liquid at room temperature, absorbance and luminescence spectra are blue shifted. In semiconductors, the bandgap is increased as size decreased. Physical properties of nanoparticles depend on size, shape, specific surface area, and structure, including crystallinity, defect structures, and aggregation state, the medium in which they are dispersed. The chemical properties of nanoparticles depend on the structural formula, compositions, surface ligands, capping agents, phase identity, surface chemistry, and hydrophobicity or lipophilicity. The unique characteristics of the nanoparticles are due to the high surface area to volume ratio.[10]
Tube-shaped molecular structures built from acylphloroglucinols: an ab initio and DFT study
Published in Molecular Physics, 2020
Cavity-containing molecular structures exhibit a variety of properties deriving from the inner microenvironment in the cavity. When such structures are built from units containing aromatic rings, the internal cavity is hydrophobic and electron-rich, which makes them suitable guests for molecules or ions [6–8], as well as suitable molecular tools for a variety of other uses, both in the chemical industry and for medical purposes. For instance, carbon nanotubes are used for a number of medical applications, including drug delivery in the treatment of various forms of cancer [6]. In general, nanoparticles used for drug delivery can improve the pharmacological properties of a drug by protecting it from degradation, facilitating its controlled release in the body and the targeting of the biological site of interest, and helping reduce undesired side effects [6]. A variety of ring- and tube-shaped molecular structures – from calixarenes [7–18] to short tubes comprising three or more polyaromatic rings in their walls [19,20] – have been designed and investigated, and their applications range from the synthesis of new materials or assembly of nanoparticles to catalysis, sensor techniques, medical diagnostics, pharmaceutical applications, and various others.