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Surface Engineered Graphene Oxide and Its Derivatives
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Zaira Zaman Chowdhury, Abu Nasser Faisal, Shahjalal Mohammad Shibly, Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Jeyabalan Sangeetha
Hummers method is commonly used to oxidize the graphene to yield GO. It has epoxides, carboxylic (-COOH), and hydroxyl groups (-OH), rendering it to be further hydrophilic as well as water dispensable. The functional groups can be easily modified to accept bioactive molecules, potentially increasing the drug-delivery and loading efficiency (Sanchez et al. 2012).
Asymmetric Centers, Functional Groups, and Characterization
Published in Armen S. Casparian, Gergely Sirokman, Ann O. Omollo, Rapid Review of Chemistry for the Life Sciences and Engineering, 2021
Armen S. Casparian, Gergely Sirokman, Ann O. Omollo
Organic compounds are further classified into families based on the functional groups they contain. A functional group is the group of atoms in a molecule that determines the molecule’s reactivity. Double and triple bonds are the reactive sites in alkenes and alkynes, respectively, and are therefore said to be their functional groups. Table 9.1 details common functional groups in organic chemistry.
Nanosensor Laboratory
Published in Vinod Kumar Khanna, Nanosensors, 2021
What is a functional group? A functional group is an atom or group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic properties of the molecule and reactions in which it takes part. What does the functional group of a molecule tell us? It defines the structure of a family of compounds and determines the properties of the family; for example, methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), and isopropanol [(CH3)2CHOH] are all classified as alcohols, because each contains a functional hydroxyl group. What is meant by functionalization of a material? Functionalization is the addition of functional groups onto the surface of a material by chemical synthesis methods.
Review on Chemistry of Oxazole derivatives: Current to Future Therapeutic Prospective
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Sweta Joshi, Meenakshi Mehra, Ramandeep Singh, Satinder Kakar
This pioneer literature divulges the importance of oxazole is a conversant nucleus with enormous promise for the development of powerful new chemical substances that preserve anti-inflammatory properties., antidiabetic, antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, analgesic and antihypertensive etc. The structure activity relationship studies revealed the important groups substituted in the oxazole moiety and its pharmacological activity. They systematically studied the use of functional groups that are favorable for enhancing the physiochemical properties and interaction to target sites which increase therapeutic activity. This article also studied various synthetic pathways and reactions undergoing oxazole and its derivatives. Oxazole moieties are also present in some natural products which show essential therapeutic activities. Later, these studies acknowledge many significant number of patents which imitate that advancement of oxazole derivatives attract the academic areas, pharmaceutical firms and researchers to develop functional molecules by various changes to the main scaffold at several locations. Additionally, it is believed that with the development of innovative synthetic methodologies and screening strategies researchers analyze and discover higher clinically significant oxazole derivatives that actively influence the health and life of human being.
Microstructural characterisation of reclaimed asphalt pavement with rejuvenators
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022
Lekhaz Devulapalli, Saravanan Kothandaraman, Goutham Sarang
Generally, when the asphalt is analysed in the FTIR, several functional groups are observed in the IR spectrum. A functional group is an atom or group of atoms arranged in such a way that govern the chemical and physical properties of the molecule (Zargar et al. 2012). Therefore, the IR spectrum of the RAP and rejuvenated RAP are compared to identify the functional group present in them. The list of common functional groups with spectrum range is shown in Table 2. It is believed that the addition of the rejuvenator will alter the functional group, and the resulting changes are identified by the variation of peak values on the IR spectrum (Zargar et al. 2012). The identification of changes in the functional group will quantify the level of activation of the aged binder. The ageing is indicated by the C = O and S = O functional groups and an increase in these functional groups will be attributed to an increase in the asphalt ageing (Petersen 2000).
Self-cleaning and colour-preserving efficiency of photocatalytic concrete: case study of the Jubilee Church in Rome
Published in Building Research & Information, 2020
In order to answer these questions, nine micro-samples were chosen and tested according to Table 2. The tests included: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction test (XRD). The FTIR spectroscopic investigation allows the qualitative identification of organic and inorganic components of a sample. Through a spectrum where the vibrations of a chemical bond are recorded, it is possible to identify the functional groups of a molecule and thus to identify it. FTIR spectra were recorded on a VERTEX 70 Bruker Optics instrument, spectral range 4000–400 cm−1, resolution 4 cm−1, equipped with a single-reflection diamond Attenuated Total Reflectance cell. Raman spectroscopy is a qualitative spectroscopic technique for the characterization of organic and inorganic molecules. For this study, Raman spectra were recorded using a micro-Raman dispersive spectrometer (SENTERRA, Bruker Optik GmbH) employing a CW diode pumped solid state laser of 20 mW operating at 532 nm. The splinters sampled are embedded in resin and analysed without grinding. The spectra were recorded by using a 20× objective with a resolution of 3 cm−1 in the spectral window from 50 to 3700 cm−1.