China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Green Catalysis, Green Chemistry, and Organic Syntheses for Sustainable Development
Published in Miguel A. Esteso, Ana Cristina Faria Ribeiro, A. K. Haghi, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering for Sustainable Development, 2020
Divya Mathew, Benny Thomas, K. S. Devaky
Efficiency and environmental sustainability are the two principal issues in science and industry. Green chemistry comprises a new approach to the synthesis, processing, and application of chemical substances. Thus, it excludes the hazards materials that cause environmental pollution. To be green, organic syntheses must meet, if not all, at least some of the following requirements: (1) minimal or no discharge of waste, (2) atom efficiency, (3) reduction in the practice and generation of toxic chemicals, (4) production of biodegradable compounds, (5) avoiding solvents, (6) reduction in energy requirements, (7) utilization of renewable materials, and (8) exploiting catalysts rather than stoichiometric reagents.
Atom Economy
Published in Aidé Sáenz-Galindo, Adali Oliva Castañeda-Facio, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera, Green Chemistry and Applications, 2020
Kunnambeth M. Thulasi, Sindhu Thalappan Manikkoth, Manjacheri Kuppadakkath Ranjusha, Padinjare Veetil Salija, Nisha Vattakkoval, Shajesh Palantavida, Baiju Kizhakkekilikoodayil Vijayan
The concept of atom economy can be best understood by considering examples of different kinds of reactions. There are four main types of reactions in organic synthesis; rearrangement, addition, substitution and elimination reactions. By calculating the percentage atom economy, we can find out which one is more atom economical.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis: Revolution in Synthetic Chemistry
Published in Satish A. Dake, Ravindra S. Shinde, Suresh C. Ameta, A. K. Haghi, Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 2020
Organic synthesis is the preparation of a desired organic compound from available starting materials. MW-assisted organic synthesis has been the foremost and one of the most researched applications in chemical reactions. Since then, chemists have successfully conducted a large range of organic reactions like Diels-Alder reaction, Suzuki reaction, Mannich, Wittig reaction using MW techniques.
An expedient carbon–sulfur bond formation explored through the cellulose sulfonic acid (CSA) catalyzed dithioacetal protection of carbonyl compounds
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2020
In recent years, the focus of chemists has shifted towards the development of renewable and environmentally friendly protocols for organic synthesis. In this regard, the natural polymers such as alginate, gelatin, starch, cellulose and chitosan derivatives are attractive candidates to explore as the recyclable catalyst supports [42]. Cellulose has been studied more widely than any other natural polymer due to its anticipated properties such as high natural abundance, renewable, biodegradable, readily available, safe to handle, and high adsorption coefficient material [43]. These advanced properties make it a potential alternative to the conventional inorganic supports in catalytic applications. A literature survey reveals that cellulose sulfonic acid (CSA) has been employed as a biodegradable catalyst for many more biologically important transformations [44], but yet its’ catalytic potential for the synthesis of 1,1-dithioacetals from carbonyl compounds needs to be explored.