China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Recent Trends in Nanomaterial-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes for Degradation of Dyes in Wastewater Treatment Plants
Published in Maulin P. Shah, Sweta Parimita Bera, Günay Yıldız Töre, Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment, 2022
Samuel S. Mgiba, Vimbai Mhuka, Nomso C. Hintsho-Mbita, Nilesh S. Wagh, Jaya Lakkakula, Nomvano Mketo
Dyes are substances that provide color when applied on a certain substrate and the crystal structure of the colored substance temporally changes. These organic compounds are used in various industries, which include textile, cosmetics, painting, printing, food and plastics. Some of these industries use a substantial amount of water during the manufacturing process. For example, in textiles, a high amount of water is used during the dyeing and finishing operations in the plants, and 10%–50% of the colorants used during the dyeing processes is lost to the environment [1]. Furthermore, an amount of dye is lost in the final processing, which involves washing in a bath to remove the excess original dye not fixed on the fiber [2]. Therefore, wastewater produced in the textile industry is regarded as a major contributor to environmental pollution in the industrial sector. In addition, there is an increasing demand for textile products, thus an increase in production is directly proportionally to an increase in dye-contaminated wastewater [3].
Assessment of Some Hazards Associated with Dangerous Chemicals
Published in Rouf Ahmad Bhat, Moonisa Aslam Dervash, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Khalid Zaffar Masoodi, Environmental Biotechnology, 2022
The Persistent Organic Pollutants Regulation contains provisions on the production, placing on the market and use of such chemicals, managing the stocks and waste of persistent organic compounds and measures to reduce unintended emissions of persistent organic compounds.
Petroleum Origin and Generation
Published in Muhammad Abdul Quddus, Petroleum Science and Technology, 2021
An organic compound is a chemical predominantly containing carbon and hydrogen atoms. The science of organic substances is related to living organisms, plants and animals. Carbon is the fourth group element in the periodic table. Its atomic number is 12 and it has 4 electrons in its outer orbit. The four outer shell electrons form an enormous number of compounds through a variety of chemical bonds with other elements, including carbon itself. It is said that one carbon element can form millions of compounds. The remaining 114 elements together form comparatively less, thousands of compounds. The concentration of carbon elements was very minute in the initial age of the earth. The majority of the earth’s constituents (92%) were oxides of iron, silicon and magnesium. Organic carbon could have evolved through any of the following methods.
Paradox of ‘ideal correlations’: improved model for air half-life of persistent organic pollutants
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Alla P. Toropova, Andrey A. Toropov, Anna Lombardo, Giovanna Lavado, Emilio Benfenati
The persistence of organic pollutants is an important environmental factor because these substances may extend their adverse effects [1,2]. World Health Organization (WHO) noted [3] that ambient air pollution in both cities and rural areas was extremely harmful to people and the environment. It is expected that the developed in 2006 WHO Air quality guidelines will be updated in the nearest future since observed air pollutions contribute to the risk of developing cardiovascular, respiratory, and oncologic diseases [4,5]. Organic compounds are widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, petrochemical work, textile and dyeing processes, food technologies, oil refineries, and agricultural activities and many of them are released into the atmosphere. Once the above substances reach large heights in the atmosphere, if they are stable can travel for long distances. This means that the pollution can spread globally, even reach arctic regions, and the problem is amplified due to the stability of the substances both in the spatial and the temporal scale [2]. Hence, the above substances will have a dangerous effect on the environment and human health [6,7].
Effect of ageing on the properties of a clay soil contaminated with glycerol
Published in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 2022
A. R. Estabragh, F. Ghayamara, M. R. Soltanian, M. Babalar
Soil contamination by organic or inorganic compounds may be formed through industrial production, improper use of hazardous chemicals or catastrophic environmental events (Fine et al. 1997). Organic compounds mainly include petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) and pesticides which can pose high risks to human health and adversely affect ecosystem functions in different ways (e.g. polluting soil and drinking water supplies) (Meegoda and Ratnaweera 1994). When these contaminants entered the soil the mechanical and physicochemical interactions can occur. These interactions are controlled by the soil type as well as the contaminant type. Mechanical interaction happens in granular soils and contaminated agent covers the surface of particles and enters the space between particles. Such interactions results in rotation and/or translation soil particles. During physicochemical interaction, the contaminant could be absorbed by soil particles and it can change soil structure. As a result of these interactions the physical and mechanical behaviour of a soil are changed.
Immobilization of C/Ce-codoped ZnO nanoparticles on multi-walled carbon nanotubes for enhancing their photocatalytic activity
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2021
Thi Viet Ha Luu, Minh Dai Luu, Ngoc Nhiem Dao, Van Thuan Le, Hoai Thuong Nguyen, Van Dat Doan
The high toxicity and non-biodegradable nature of several organic compounds in wastewater originated from industrial activities bring severe problems to ecosystems and human health. In the context, the task of detoxifying the polluted industrial wastewater before releasing it into the environment is urgent and attracts great attention from the worldwide scientific community.