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Components
Published in William Bolton, Engineering Science, 2020
The force per unit area is called the shear stress, the unit of shear stress being the pascal (Pa): shearstress=forcearea
Fluid Flow
Published in C. Anandharamakrishnan, S. Padma Ishwarya, Essentials and Applications of Food Engineering, 2019
C. Anandharamakrishnan, S. Padma Ishwarya
Shear stress: It is the stress component applied tangentially to the plane on which the force acts. Shear stress is expressed as force per unit area, and it is a vector quantity possessing both magnitude and direction. Shear stress is denoted by σ, and its SI unit is Pascal (Pa). Shear stress acts as the resistance to flow or deformation of a material.
Introduction to Mechatronic Systems
Published in Bogdan M. Wilamowski, J. David Irwin, Control and Mechatronics, 2018
Depending on the direction of the applied force on a particular area, there are three kinds of stresses: compressive stress, tensile stress, and shear stress. Compressive stress (or compression) is the stress state caused by an applied load that induces a reduction in the length of a material along the direction of the applied load. A simple case of compressive stress is one-dimensional compression induced by the pushing coaxial forces. The compressive strength of materials is generally higher than that of tensile stress. Tensile stress is the stress state caused by an applied load that tends to elongate a material in the same direction as of the applied load; in other words, it is the stress caused by pulling the material. Shear stress is the stress state caused by a pair of opposing forces acting along parallel lines of action through the material; in other words, it is the stress caused by sliding faces of the material relative to one another. An example is cutting paper with scissors.
Effects of fatigue on hamstrings and gluteus maximus shear modulus in hip extension and knee flexion submaximal contraction task
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2023
Ricardo Pimenta, Pedro Almeida, José P. Correia, Paula M. Bruno, João R. Vaz
being E the Young’s modulus and G the shear modulus (Shiina et al., 2015; Sigrist et al., 2017). The shear modulus is the ratio of shear stress over shear strain. Since muscle strains occur due to a shear force on the muscle fibres, shear modulus is often used in muscle rigidity analysis and consequent injury. For the shear modulus calculation, each clip exported from Aixplorer’s software was sequenced in.jpeg images. Image processing converted each pixel of the colour map into a value of the Young’s modulus based on the recorded (ultrasound) colour scale. The largest ROI in the elastogram window was determined manually by an experienced examiner avoiding aponeuroses and tissue artefacts (e.g., vessels) and the values were averaged to obtain a representative muscle value. Within each trial, the most stable values with ~ 20 s duration were averaged and divided by 3 to estimate the muscle shear elastic modulus (Bercoff et al., 2004).
Free vibration of a nanogrid based on Eringen’s stress gradient model
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2022
Seyed Mojtaba Hozhabrossadati, Noël Challamel, Mohammad Rezaiee-Pajand, Ahmad Aftabi Sani
The nonlocal constitutive relation for shear stress in one-dimensional form can be expressed as (Murmu, Adhikari, and Wang 2011): where and denote the shear stress, shear strain, and shear modulus, respectively. Furthermore, the nonlocal torque relation with angular displacement has the next appearance in which and are the torque, angular displacement, and polar moment of inertia of the cross-section, respectively.
Shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beams with web openings
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2020
Wen-Yao Lu, Guo-Zhen Lin, Chien-Chuang Tseng, Sheng-Ji Lin
In Figure 9, is the diagonal compression within the shear element , and the shear force is equal to the vertical component of . The displacement of the shear that is transferred along path 124 must be equal to that for path 134, to satisfy the displacement compatibility. The flexural deformation is relatively small in the deep beam so it is neglected in this study. In Figure 10, the shear force on the element is obtained by assuming that the shear stress is uniformly distributed and that the shear stress and the shear strain obey Hooke’s law in shear: