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Design and Development of Hybrid Assemblies
Published in Fred W. Kear, Hybrid Assemblies and Multichip Modules, 2020
Hybrid circuit power requirements are derived from component specifications. The amount of power required, and consequently, the amount of heat generated by the circuit, is a function of component voltage/current ratings and the operating speeds required. In general, certain types of logic (TTL, ECL) are required for high-speed circuits and these, in turn, dissipate more power than slower logic circuits. The power required to switch some devices is significantly higher that the power required to switch others. Some components require relatively high current loading to sustain operation (e.g., voltage regulators) while others (e.g., CMOS logic circuits) require almost no current loading. Planning for power requirements naturally leads to planning for heat dissipation from components on the substrate. The layout of components on the substrate strongly affects its ability to dissipate heat.
Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices for Glucose Detection
Published in Raju Khan, Chetna Dhand, S. K. Sanghi, Shabi Thankaraj Salammal, A. B. P. Mishra, Advanced Microfluidics-Based Point-of-Care Diagnostics, 2022
Shristi Handa, Vibhav Katoch, Bhanu Prakash
A combination of chemical luminescence and electrochemical techniques forms an electro-chemiluminescence (ECL) detection system. This technique results in the generation of light and has been integrated with paper-based microfluidic devices. ECL has numerous advantages, such as better sensitivity and an increased dynamic concentration-response range. It also has some prominent features, such as the requirement of smaller sample volumes, lack of a light source, and simple instrumentation. ECL is most widely used in clinical diagnosis. More than 150 different immunoassays are available on the market for detecting tumor markers and treating thyroid disease and various infectious diseases.
Logic Gates
Published in John C. Morris, Digital Electronics, 2013
When logic gates started to be produced in integrated circuit form ‘Resistor Transistor Logic’ (RTL) circuitry was used, this was followed by ‘Diode Transistor Logic’ (DTL) and then ‘Transistor Transistor Logic’ (TTL). Other configurations (families) have since been developed, notably ‘Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor’ (CMOS) logic and ‘Emitter Coupled Logic’ (ECL). ECL is extremely fast in operation but requires special wiring rules to be adopted; the tremendous speed is expensive, consequently this type of logic circuit tends to be limited to main frame computers.
Entropy-based adaptive design for contour finding and estimating reliability
Published in Journal of Quality Technology, 2023
D. Austin Cole, Robert B. Gramacy, James E. Warner, Geoffrey F. Bomarito, Patrick E. Leser, William P. Leser
Table 2 summarizes average computation time to build one full sequential design for each method. The timings include acquisition efforts and subsequent GP updating. Scripts for ECL, ECL.b, and CLoVER are in Python and the rest are in R. Note the speed at which ECL and ECL.b adaptive designs are built, especially compared to methods using numerical quadrature (CLoVER, SUR, and tIMSE). ECL provides between one and two orders of magnitude speedup. Using a batch size of 10 cuts the average computation time of ECL by five for the Hartmann-6 experiment, while still providing designs with similar sensitivity and volume error.