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Vegetative Uptake and Use of Metal Tolerant Plants to Reclaim Mining Wastes
Published in Mritunjoy Sengupta, Environmental Impacts of Mining, 2021
Field observations can be summarized. The species growing in toxic soils are very varied and differ according to the local ecological conditions and geographical area. There appears to be a close affinity between the flora of toxic and serpentine soils. Serpentine soils are often high in nickel and chromium, and these metals appear in part at least to determine the serpentine flora. It is clear that the plants growing on metal-contaminated soils are often characteristic of such soils. Toxic areas are usually colonized by some plants, and although the colonization of many areas is sporadic, other areas carry regular communities. The diversity of the flora on a contaminated site may be influenced by the diversity of the surrounding flora, the extent of the site, its antiquity, and the concentration of toxic metal present.3
Review of Basic Chemistry and Geology
Published in Arthur W. Hounslow, Water Quality Data, 2018
These are the serpentine minerals—1:1 layer silicates containing one tetrahedral layer and one octahedral layer. They have an octahedral layer containing Mg. There are two common serpentine minerals, chrysotile asbestos and antigorite. In chrysotile asbestos the octahedral layer is larger than the tetrahedral layer, and the sheet bends or curls into fibers. This strong expansion force on the hydroxyl side tends to make each sheet curl into a cylinder with the Si-0 sheet on the outside. This results in a fibrous microstructure. Antigorite, which is a platy serpentine, is a result of the octahedral and tetrahedral sheets reversing their direction at intervals in the sheet. This results in a corrugated form and a platy structure.
Minerals
Published in F.G.H. Blyth, M. H. de Freitas, A Geology for Engineers, 2017
F.G.H. Blyth, M. H. de Freitas
Serpentine grows as a mass of green fibres or plates, which replace the original mineral as a pseudomorph. A fibrous variety is called chrysotile, and is worked in veins for commercial asbestos. In the mass, serpentine is rather soapy to the touch, and may be coloured red if iron oxide is present. H = 3 to 4. G = 2.6. Serpentine is found in basic and ultrabasic rocks (p. 101), and in serpentine-marble.
Occurrence and enrichment sources of cobalt, chromium, and nickel in soils of Mitrovica Region, Republic of Kosovo
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2021
Milihate Aliu, Robert Šajn, Trajče Stafilov
The distributions of elements that reflect natural processes are indicated by elements that rarely or never include industrial processes. Their contents usually change gradually across the landscape and depend on geological background. Particularly, soil on serpentines contains high Cr and Ni concentrations. It is evident from the obtained results (Table 2, Fig. 1) that contents of the Co, Cr and Ni in the topsoil of the investigated area varies greatly. Regarding to the geological formation (Table 2) it was found that the highest average levels of cobalt (73 mg kg−1), chromium (390 mg kg−1) and nickel (840 mg kg−1) in the study area were determined in soil from the Triassic serpentinites, at the locations in the north-eastern and western parts of the study area (Fig. 1), indicating the source as lithogenic origin. High contents of Co, Cr and Ni may be also as a result of natural processes, such as weathering processes on rock rich in the abovementioned elements such as primary serpentinites and ophiolites formed in the Jurassic and Cretaceous, Paleogene flysch and Neogene clastic series. The lowest average levels of the Cr, Co and Ni are found on the outcropping of Miocene latite, and quartz-latite and Miocene pyroclastites, 13 mg kg−1, 25 mg kg−1 and 30 mg kg−1, respectively (Table 2, Fig. 2).
Petrology, geochemistry and a probable late Cambrian age for harzburgites of the Coolac Serpentinite, New South Wales, Australia
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2018
Harzburgites and dunites that occur within the contact zone of the North Mooney Complex and its satellite bodies are fine-grained, greenish black in colour and completely serpentinised. Serpentine minerals are a mesh work of lizardite interspersed with patches of antigorite with or without veins of chrysotile. A remnant magnetite network marking the triple junctions of former olivine crystals is retained. Cr-spinel occurs as anhedral grains and is usually isotropic although some grains are reddish-brown in colour. Cr# recorded in these spinels have values of 0.49–0.58 with a similar range in Mg# (0.52–0.62). TiO2 content is relatively high (0.24–0.45 wt%).