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Corrosion Behavior of Metal, Alloy, and Composite
Published in Suneev Anil Bansal, Virat Khanna, Pallav Gupta, Metal Matrix Composites, 2023
Magnesium (Mg) is the eighth most plentiful element on the earth making up 0.13% by mass of the oceans and 1.93% by mass of the earth’s crust (Gray and Luan 2002). Magnesium has a lot of advantages such as high thermal conductivity, high ductility, good electromagnetic shielding properties, excellent castability, and better damping properties than Al. It is widely used in various structural applications in the aerospace, automobile, consumer products, and electronics industries. Mg has high specific strength-to-weight ratio, and it is 35% lighter than Al and 75% lighter than Fe (Eliezer et al. 1998).
Recent Developments in Heat Treatment of Friction Stir–Welded Magnesium Alloy Joints
Published in Sarbjeet Kaushal, Ishbir Singh, Satnam Singh, Ankit Gupta, Sustainable Advanced Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 2023
Magnesium alloys are widely used for numerous applications. However, there’s still an absence of an efficient and effective welding process/technique for joining these alloys (Cao et al., 2009). Therefore, significant research is dedicated to the welding technologies/methods of these alloys like gas metal arc welding (Dong et al., 2012), electron beam welding (Chi et al., 2008), resistance spot welding (Xiao et al., 2011), and laser welding (Wang et al., 2007); however, some issues, like hot cracking, partial melting zone, porosity defects, and residual stress, are generated by these typical welding techniques/processes (Kah et al., 2015). These defects significantly deteriorate the welding joint properties and limit the widespread use of these lightweight alloys in the automobile and aerospace industries (Singh et al., 2020). Hence, a solid-state process is the most effective option/method to avoid such issues of fastening lightweight alloys. Friction stir welding is a versatile technique capable of joining metals, alloys, and composites (Kadigithala & Vanitha, 2020), and there is no need for any filler material while using FSW. Therefore, the associated metallurgic issues can be avoided, and this method can attain a sound weld (Singh et al., 2018b). Figure 7.1 demonstrates the FSW process.
Graphene-Magnesium Core-Shell Nanocomposites
Published in Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan, Vishesh Ranjan Kar, Subrata Kumar Panda, Kandaswamy Jayakrishna, Advanced Composite Materials and Structures, 2023
Dhiman K. Das, Jit Sarkar, S. Sahoo
Magnesium finds a wide range of applications in automotive, aerospace, and electronics industry [1–7] because of its light weight and good strength and thermal and electrical conductivity. But the demand of enhanced properties, high performances, and specific applications at low cost by these industries has pushed several researchers to begin working on different composites of magnesium [8–12]. Graphene [13], the two-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterial, has recently drawn attention of researchers due to its unique properties. The superior mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of graphene [14–19] can be attributed to its single-layered, two-dimensional hexagonal lattice structure. Carbon nanotube and graphene nanoplatelets have been used by several researchers as reinforcing agent in a magnesium matrix, thus forming a graphene-magnesium composite material with improved properties [20–26]. Previously, work was done to prepare graphene-magnesium nanocomposite by reinforcing graphene nanopallets in magnesium [27–29]. The mechanical properties of graphene-magnesium nanocomposite are evaluated using a MPa scale. To date, experimental synthesys of graphene-magnesium core shell nanocomposite with graphene in the core and magnesium shell has not been reported.
Comparative analysis of the explosion characteristics of magnesium dust and magnesium-aluminium alloy dust with two concentrations
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2023
Qiuhong Wang, Xiaoyu Lu, Zhenmin Luo, Jun Deng, Chi-Min Shu, Wei Gao, Bin Peng, Youjie Sheng, Hongxiang Wan
Magnesium–aluminum (Mg–Al) alloys are widely used in the chemical industry, metallurgy, communications, aviation, national defense, and automobile manufacturing. Due to its high strength, environmental profile, and superior electromagnetic properties, Mg–Al alloy is considered as “green engineering material” of the twenty-first century. Mg–Al alloy dust can be produced using two methods. The conventional method involves the use of mechanical grinding to form fine dust particles. However, since 1920s, a gas atomization approach has been adopted, in which a high-speed airflow is used to crush liquid metal into small droplets, which are then promptly condensed into metal dust. Gas atomization is a more efficient approach for synthesizing Mg–Al alloy dust (El-Eskandarany 2020). The risk of dust explosion accidents is high when using Mg–Al alloy dust, because the dust possesses active physical and chemical properties. You-Xin Industry Co. (Changhua County, Taiwan, ROC) produced bicycle frames, an explosion occurred on November 1, 2014, the magnesium-aluminum alloy ignited during the grinding process in this case, and the explosion injured six (Luo et al. 2021). Chung-Rung Metal Products Co., Ltd. (Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, PR China) mainly engaged in the polishing of various metal , which occurred the explosion in August 2014, caused 146 fatalities and 114 injuries (Li et al. 2016). In addition, Mg–Al alloy can cause a severe secondary explosion (Polka et al. 2012). Thus, understanding and mitigating these risks are crucial for industries that use Mg–Al alloys.
Assessing heavy metal index referencing health risk in Ganga River System
Published in International Journal of River Basin Management, 2022
Gagan Matta, Avinash Kumar, Anjali Nayak, Pawan Kumar, Amit Kumar, Pradeep K. Naik, Sudhir Kumar Singh
The maximum concentration of Cd was detected at 4.8 µg/L in winter, 4.7 µg/L in post-monsoon, 4.6 µg/L in summer and 4.3 µg/L in monsoon season. Various industries such as alloys and paints are the primary source of cadmium in the environment and are linked with particles and bottom sediments (Lydersen et al., 2002). Rivers continuously receive a minimal quantity of heavy metals from erogenous sources such as weathering of rocks. Continuous but relatively higher input of heavy metals to rivers and streams is linked to anthropogenic sources such as urban, agricultural and industrial wastewater and atmospheric deposition (Sekabira et al., 2010). The highest Mg concentration was recorded at 4425.4 µg/L in winter, 4812 µg/L in summer, 4364.2 µg/L in monsoon and 4368.5 µg/L in post-monsoon. Magnesium and other alkali metals are mostly responsible for water hardness. A high dose of magnesium can cause several human body problems like muscle slackening, nerve problems and other personality changes.
Tribological evaluations of spark plasma sintered Mg–Ni composite
Published in Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 2022
Ogunlakin Nasirudeen Olalekan, M. Abdul Samad, Syed Fida Hassan, Muhammad Mohamed Ibrahim Elhady
Savings in industries can be achieved by making frequently used machineries lighter, through the use of lightweight materials without compromising their mechanical properties. Magnesium is one such metallic material which has a very high potential in weight-saving applications, with a density of 1.74 g/cm3 which is approximately 33%, 60% and 75% lighter than aluminium, titanium and steel, respectively, making it the lightest known structural material [1]. Also, Magnesium has high specific strength and stiffness, excellent castability, and superior machinability [3], making it an excellent material in applications where weight saving is crucial such as in the automobile industry [1,2], aerospace industry [3,4] and electronic industries [4]. Furthermore, magnesium possesses similar mechanical properties as human bone, its biocompatibility and biodegradability properties make it a choice material for biomedical applications [5–8]. However, despite the huge advantages of magnesium, its wider application had been limited by its low strength and ductility in addition to its poor thermal stability, low elastic modulus and stiffness, low creep resistance at high temperature, low wear resistance and high oxidation rate.