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Environmental Engineering
Published in P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani, Practical Civil Engineering, 2021
P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani
Asbestos: Asbestos is a mineral fiber that has been used in the early days as a fire retardant and as insulation in buildings. Many asbestos products are now banned and presently its use is limited. But in older buildings asbestos is still found in floor tiles, asbestos shingles, pipe, and furnace insulation, textured paints, and other construction materials. If these materials are disturbed by sanding, cutting or other activities, enormous airborne asbestos levels can be generated. Inappropriate attempts to clear away these materials cause health hazards such as lung cancer, mesothelioma (cancer of the lung and the abdominal lining), and asbestosis (lung scarring) due to release of asbestos fibers into the indoor air.
Aerosols
Published in Sue Reed, Dino Pisaniello, Geza Benke, Kerrie Burton, Principles of Occupational Health & Hygiene, 2020
Geoff Pickford, Brian Davies, Linda Apthorpe
Asbestos is an established constituent of many products such as brake linings and asbestos-cement building products. For insulation materials in particular, asbestos is only one of many materials used; others include: synthetic mineral fibre—fibrous glass, rock wool, refractory ceramic fibrevermiculiteshredded cellulose (using newsprint). Optical microscopy is most commonly and appropriately used to distinguish these other materials from asbestos fibres. Although many are obviously not asbestos fibres (e.g. they are bright pink or bright yellow), others are difficult to detect by the naked eye. If reliable information is not available, collecting and analysing a sample of the material may be necessary to confirm or eliminate the presence of asbestos.
Aerosols
Published in Sue Reed, Dino Pisaniello, Geza Benke, Principles of Occupational Health & Hygiene, 2020
Linda Apthorpe, Jennifer Hines
Ascertain that asbestos is present. Asbestos is an established constituent of many products, such as brake linings and AC building products. For insulation materials in particular, asbestos is only one of many materials used; others include: synthetic mineral fibre—fibrous glass, rock wool, refractory ceramic fibrevermiculiteshredded cellulose (using newsprint). Optical microscopy is most commonly and appropriately used to distinguish these other materials from asbestos fibres. Although many are obviously not asbestos fibres (e.g. they are bright pink or yellow), others are difficult to detect with the naked eye. If reliable information is not available, collecting and analysing a sample of the material may be necessary to confirm or eliminate the presence of asbestos.
Asbestos Exposure and Small Cell Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2023
Teresa CURIEL-GARCÍA, Julia REY-BRANDARIZ, Leonor VARELA-LEMA, Alberto RUANO-RAVINA, Cristina CANDAL-PEDREIRA, Nerea MOURINO, Lucía MOURE-RODRÍGUEZ, Adolfo FIGUEIRAS, Mónica PÉREZ-RÍOS
Exposure to asbestos has been associated with numerous diseases (IARC 2012) and tumors (Fortunato and Rushton 2015; Ferster et al. 2017; Reid et al. 2017), including lung cancer (Driscoll et al. 2005; Kamp 2009; IARC 2012; Klebe et al. 2019a). The pathogenesis whereby asbestos induces lung cancer and other pulmonary diseases is determined by the way in which asbestos fibers damage the metabolism of respiratory tract cells (Shukla et al. 2003; Nymark et al. 2008; IARC 2012; Liu et al. 2013; Cheng et al. 2020). Asbestos-induced cell damage is mediated by the formation of oxygen radicals which prove toxic, in that they induce DNA strand breaks through modifications of the bases (Aljandali et al. 2001; Shukla et al. 2003; Upadhyay and Kamp 2003; Nymark et al. 2008; Liu et al. 2013), though this mechanism is not known in detail.
Experimental study on design and analysis of prototype spherical shell
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
The insulating powder preferred should have higher thermal resistance than Mortar. It is used to prevent heat loss from the joints of the two halves of the spherical shell. For this research, it is selected as Asbestos as the insulating powder. Asbestos is a fibrous mineral substance that is used primarily as a fireproofing and insulating material in buildings, homes and industrial installations. In its natural state, it is found encased in rocks. Its fibrous quality makes it a remarkable material. Asbestos is as dense as the rock, but it becomes fluffy and as light as cotton when separated mechanically from the rock. Temperature Selector Switch: Temperature selector switch is used to switch between different temperature outputs of the thermocouples. Two Way Switches: Two-way switches are used to switch the power input between the Emissivity apparatus and the Spherical shell apparatus. Housing For The Spherical Shell: The house for the spherical shell is made of scrap wood. Wooden stands are used to hold the spherical shell in place, as shown in Figure 2.
Asbestos fiber length and width comparison between manual and semi-automated measurements
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2022
Taekhee Lee, Teresa Barone, Elaine Rubinstein, Steven Mischler
The characterization of asbestos requires information on fiber morphology and minerology (Skinner et al. 1988). This information can be obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) through imaging and selected area diffraction (Baron 2016). However, TEM analysis is often cost-prohibitive due to instrument acquisition, maintenance, and training expenses. Lower cost methods, such as phase-contrast microscopy (PCM), lack mineral identification capabilities but suggest the presence of asbestos through the analysis of fiber length and width (Baron 2016). Fiber length is an important metric because long fibers can impair macrophage function and reduce lung clearance (Blake et al. 1997). Width is also influential because (together with length) it affects location of deposition in the respiratory system and the nature of associated respiratory diseases (i.e., mesothelioma, asbestosis, and lung cancer) (Lippmann 1988). When linking fiber characteristics to adverse health effects, information on both length and width is critical.