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Green Synthesis of Silver (Ag), Gold (Au), and Silver–Gold (Ag–Au) Alloy Nanoparticles: A Review on Recent Advances, Trends, and Biomedical Applications
Published in Deepak Kumar Verma, Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Nanotechnology and Nanomaterial Applications in Food, Health, and Biomedical Sciences, 2019
Joseph Adetunji Elegbede, Agbaje Lateef
Lateef et al.86 described the green synthesis of AgNPs through the exploitation of cobweb extract of spider as a novel biomaterial. The synthesis of AgNPs was noticed by dark brown color change noticed in the reaction solution. The cobweb-AgNPs absorbed maximally at 436 nm in the UV–Vis spectra. In the FTIR spectrum, there were presence of prominent peaks at 3298, 2359, 2089, and 1635 cm−1, confirming that protein molecules were involved in the processes of bioreduction, capping of the nanoparticles, and subsequent stabilization of the biosynthesized cobweb-AgNPs. The nearly spherical-shaped particles had dimensions of 3–50 nm as revealed by TEM images. In the EDX spectral, silver was present as the most conspicuous element, while the SAED blueprint confirmed the characteristic crystalline property of cobweb-AgNPs. In antimicrobial investigations using the cobweb-AgNPs at concentration of 100 μg/mL, inhibition of growth of bacterial isolates including multidrug-resistant K. granulomatis, S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa varied between 10 and 17 mm. Furthermore, it was established that cobweb-AgNPs improved performance of some antibiotics such as augmentin, cefixime, and ofloxacin in the AgNPs-antibiotic synergy investigations. In addition, cobweb-AgNPs were included in emulsion paint as antimicrobial additive. At the working concentration of 5 μg/mL, there was absolute suppression of growth of microorganisms such as P. aeruginosa, E. coli, A. fumigatus, and A. niger.
Towards CNTs; Functionalization and Their Sensing Applications
Published in Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, Advances in Nanostructured Composites, 2019
Nada F. Atta, Hagar K. Hassan, Ahmed Galal
Yola et al. (Yola et al. 2014) presented a promising sensor for the antibiotic Cefixime by a combination of the molecular imprinting technique with 2-aminoethanethiol-functionalized CNT and metal nanoparticles (Fe@Au NPs in core-shell structure). This is a little bit complicated sensor as it provided very low detection limit for Cefixime as low as 2.2 × 10−11 M in the linear range from 1.0 × 10−10 to 1.0 × 10−8 M in a human plasma sample. This sensor was validated according to the international conference of harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The procedure of the sensor construction is summarized in Figure 7. The Molecular imprinting technique provides high selectivity and sensitivity towards the target analyte. It includes the polymerization of the monomers in the presence of the target template followed by extraction of the template molecules leaving a cavity specific for this target molecule. The previous sensor allows new β-lactam antibiotics recovery with high sensitivity and selectivity.
List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Cefixime is an oral third generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It was sold under the trade name Suprax in the United States until 2003. The oral suspension form of “Suprax” was re-launched. Cefixime is prescribed for bacterial infections of the chest, ears, urinary tract, and throat (tonsilitis and pharyngitis), and for uncomplicated gonorrhea, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, acute otitis media, and gonococcal urethritis.
A new approach for the management of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia by using cefixime-based bionanocomposite films
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2022
Badriyah Shadid Alotaibi, Akram Ashames, Manal Buabeid, Momina Masood, Sadullah Mir, Ghulam Murtaza
Cefixime trihydrate is an oral antimicrobial agent of third-generation cephalosporin with bactericidal activity against a broad variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. It is used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and typhoid fever. Oral Dosage forms available are tablets, capsules and dry suspension. It is readily absorbed from the enteric tract. The absolute bioavailability of cefixime is in the range of 22% to 54% due to first-pass metabolism [17]. Whereas mean elimination half-life generally lies within the range of 2.5 to 3.8 h. Frequent dosing of cefixime leads to an increased burden on metabolism and may cause gastric problems. Keeping in view all this, a transdermal film loaded with cefixime was formulated to carry the drug to the systemic circulation and to avoid dose-related side effects [11].