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Disorders of Hearing
Published in Anthony N. Nicholson, The Neurosciences and the Practice of Aviation Medicine, 2017
Linda M. Luxon, Ronald Hinchcliffe
The treatment of acute otitis media requires pain relief, re-establishment of eustachian tube function using nasal drops, inhalations or decongestants, mucolytics and the prescription of systemic antibiotics. The drug of choice is amoxycillin or, in cases of sensitivity to penicillin, erythromycin. Myringotomy is indicated if the drum is bulging. In recurrent acute otitis media, a focus of infection within the upper respiratory tract should be sought, while persistent otitis media with effusion requires the exclusion of naspharyngeal malignancy (Ho et al., 2008). The aim of treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media is to eliminate infection using antibiotics, and, when the ear is healthy, repair aural damage such as a perforated ear drum or damage to the ossicles, which may prevent reinfection and improve sound transmission (Robinson, 1998; Raglan, 2003). Conductive hearing loss caused by otosclerosis or the hereditary osseous dysplasias may be managed conservatively using hearing aids, or surgically by stapedectomy. The procedure carries a small risk of complication of late sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and for this reason stapedectomy has historically not been undertaken in both ears, although recent work has shown more promising results (Kujala et al., 2008).
Artificial Intelligence in Disease Diagnosis via Smartphone Applications
Published in P. Kaliraj, T. Devi, Artificial Intelligence Theory, Models, and Applications, 2021
Acute otitis media is a painful type of ear infection that is caused by bacteria or virus pathogens. The pathogens cause inflammation and infection in the area behind the eardrum called the middle ear. An improved technology called smart “diary app” was developed to find a case study of acute otitis media. Usually, the common infectious diseases cannot detect by the healthcare services and won’t attract the attention much like other chronic diseases. But this technology can accurately estimate the disease burden caused by these pathogens. Simultaneously this “diary apps” could also be used in the evaluation of vaccine technologies to detect both the diseases caused and side effects of vaccine used (Annemarijn et al. 2017).
A Comparative Review of the Role of Deep Learning in Medical Image Processing
Published in R. Sujatha, S. L. Aarthy, R. Vettriselvan, Integrating Deep Learning Algorithms to Overcome Challenges in Big Data Analytics, 2021
Erapaneni Gayatri, S. L. Aarthy
It is one of the popular learning tasks where the machine is trained with the data available in one particular task and again it is used for another task. Nowadays, this learning has become more popular because Deep Neural Networks can be trained to a little dataset as well. Transfer Learning is used for the classification of two different Computer-aided diagnosis-based disease classifications, thoracoabdominal lymph hub discovery and interstitial lung infection. Otitis Media is the infection located inside the ear. For the treatment of Otitis Media, Shie et al. (2015) presented the feature representation and scarcity of training data, using transfer learning (Figure 10.3) (Shie et al., 2015).
Isolation and Characterization of Human Foot Crack–Associated Bacterium, Pseudomonas Otitidis, and Its Biological Propensity
Published in Smart Science, 2019
Govindasamy Balasubramani, Kathiravan Induja, Dilipkumar Aiswarya, Paramasivam Deepak, Dhayalan Arul, Mathialagan Kavitha, Vadivelu Amutha, Pachiappan Perumal
Pseudomonas otitidis is a new Pseudomonas species that has recently been recognized in association with otic infections in humans, including acute otitis externa, acute otitis media, and chronic suppurative otitis media [40]. The susceptibility of P. otitidis was previously investigated with several antimicrobial agents, including aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, β-lactams, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and polymyxin B, and overall, the behavior of this species appeared to be similar to that of P. aeruginosa [40]. However, of β-lactams, only piperacillin was tested, while no information is available on the susceptibility of this species to antipseudomonal cephalosporins, aztreonam, and carbapenems. In consideration of all these findings, this is the first report on Pseudomonas otitidis from the human foot crack. And hence it could form a platform to the future researchers to combat the susceptibility over the antibiotic as well as the some other clinical with this active interaction to the host.
May allergy have a role in primary or recurrent otitis media in Egyptian pediatric patients: a prospective study
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Mohammed El-Shahat, Asser ElSharkawy, Doaa Shahin, Ghada Barakat, Waleed Moneir
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is defined as chronic inflammation of the middle ear mucosa characterized by fluid storage behind an intact tympanic membrane (TM) within the middle ear space without signs or symptoms of an acute ear infection [1]. It is one of the most common causes of childhood hearing loss that leads to surgical intervention [2]. The etiology of OME has various factors. The most common pathogeneses are the Eustachian tube dysfunction and the immature function of the immune system. One of the most influencing factors is age. The peak influenced age group is between 2 and 5 years [3]. Allergy also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the OME as it causes triggered obstruction of the Eustachian tube [4,5].
From the laboratory concept to clinical trials: the journey of Otoimplant so far
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Medical devices used for ossicular replacement ought to demonstrate appropriate biological properties, such as biocompatibility, stability, no cytotoxicity. Due to the risk of infection (otitis media and chronic otitis media), it is desirable to use an antibacterial agent to prevent illnesses during the ossicular reconstruction. The ossicular chain reconstruction may be achieved by means of either partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) or total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP).