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Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2023
Revati Phalkey, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, John O’Hagan, Mutahir Ahmad, Darren Addison, Tracy Gooding, Timothy W Gant, Emma L Marczylo, Caryn L Cox
The usual clinical manifestations of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat and pain, which are produced by a variety of chemical messengers or mediators. The better known of these mediators are the kinins, histamine, complement and eicosanoids. The kinins are produced from the plasma protein kininogen whilst histamine is released from mast cells.
Infection and Inflammation
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Erik H. J. G. Aarntzen, Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans
Inflammation is part of the biological response of body tissues to potentially harmful stimuli, such as infections causing microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites). As such, inflammation aims to eliminate the cause, prevent further danger, and start tissue repair. The complex dynamics and contributions of different immune cell populations serves the delicate balance of tissue homeostasis. During our lifespan, the immune system faces the tremendous task of counteracting the continuous invasion of microorganisms over large surface areas. As too little or too severe, or inappropriate timing or duration may result in progressive tissue destruction, the immune system is a key component in a wide variety of clinical conditions.
AI and Chronic Inflammation
Published in Louis J. Catania, AI for Immunology, 2021
Unfortunately, there are no absolute, specific laboratory tests to assess patients for chronic inflammation. In fact, such tests are generally undertaken when the inflammation occurs in association with another medical condition (comorbidity). Some of these laboratory tests include serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
Review: Schiff base metal complexes as anti-inflammatory agents
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2023
Qurat-Ul-Ain Sandhu, Muhammad Pervaiz, Abdul Majid, Umer Younas, Zohaib Saeed, Adnan Ashraf, Rana Rashad Mahmood Khan, Sami Ullah, Faisal Ali, Seemal Jelani
Inflammation is an immune system’s response against illness and injuries. Two types of inflammations are generally known, acute and chronic inflammation. Acute inflammation involves infections like acute typhoid and acute appendicitis and tissue injuries but chronic inflammation deals with a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes type 2. Generally, chronic inflammation is not caused by infection and injury but it is associated with malfunction of tissues [75]. The inflammation appearing in different forms helps in diagnosis and hence dealing with causes of the original infection. The cure of infection to address the inflammation is important as the unsettled infection may lead to loss of human organs. Hence, prior to reaching the acute phase of the disease, the infection should be resolved for which case understanding mechanism of inflammation and pharmacological strategies are needed. These techniques are suitable for a number of pre-clinical cases to cure inflammations, which indicates that pharmacological resolutions may act as useful anti-inflammatory treatment [76].
Inflammatory bowel disease: why this provides a useful example of the evolving science of nutrigenomics
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2020
When beneficial dietary components were compared with genetic data, it could generally be seen that good dietary advice for individuals correlated with their genetic data, also segregating into the three major genetics groups (NOD2, MHC and MST 3p21) that had been identified as relating to disease location (Ferguson 2015; Cleynen et al. 2016). If the primary genetic changes are those affecting inflammation, then recognised anti-inflammatory medicines, or foods such as oily fish, containing long omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, might be particularly beneficial. In contrast, if genes affecting microbial diversity are predominant (Baker et al. 2009; Gentschew and Ferguson 2012), then either a probiotic capsule (containing live beneficial bacteria), or prebiotic foods that stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria (such as Brassica vegetables, garlic or various sources of dietary fibre) may be particularly useful (Lim et al. 2005; Ferguson and Schlothauer 2012; Marlow et al. 2015a, 2015b; Wong et al. 2016). Both vitamin D and various phytochemicals may play roles in both these processes, and are likely to benefit IBD patients if taken at higher than normal recommended levels (Ferguson 2015). These data support the types of therapeutic interventions in IBD suggested by Plichta et al. (2019), Furey et al. (2019) and Lee and Cleynen (2019). A diagrammatic summary of some of the key factors implicated in IBD risk and/or progression is provided in Figure 1.
Gelatin-stabilized composites of silver nanoparticles and curcumin: characterization, antibacterial and antioxidant study
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2019
Ly Loan Khanh, Nguyen Thanh Truc, Nguyen Tan Dat, Nguyen Thi Phuong Nghi, Vo van Toi, Nguyen Thi Thu Hoai, Tran Ngoc Quyen, Tran Thi Thanh Loan, Nguyen Thi Hiep
An approach to control inflammation is to apply curcumin which is a yellow-orange powder extracted from rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and commonly used as a traditional inexpensive herbal medicine [5,15]. Curcumin has been widely used in the topical treatment due to its biological significance of anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and wound-healing properties [16–18]. From previous studies, curcumin has been a well-known scavenger of ROS and can reduce the amount of free radicals emerging during inflammatory stage of wound healing [19–21]. Besides, curcumin can also support the growth of fibroblasts, increase blood vessel density and accelerate skin regeneration [21,22]. Most importantly, this compound is deemed to be nontoxic for consumption as up to 8 g/day orally [4].