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Artificial Intelligence-enabled Automated Medical Prediction and Diagnosis in Trauma Patients
Published in Richard Jiang, Li Zhang, Hua-Liang Wei, Danny Crookes, Paul Chazot, Recent Advances in AI-enabled Automated Medical Diagnosis, 2022
Lianyong Li, Changqing Zhong, Gang Wang, Wei Wu, Yuzhu Guo, Zheng Zhang, Bo Yang, Xiaotong Lou, Ke Li, Fleming Yang
In the near future, Artificial Intelligence will undoubtedly become an indispensable part in the diagnosis and treatment of trauma, and Artificial Intelligence-based algorithms will help enhance our work processes. We can imagine unexpected traffic accident-caused multiple injuries. The Artificial Intelligence-based rescue system optimizes the deployment of rescue resources. Based on the continuously detected vital signs data and the injured part, the patient’s injury severity is assessed and survival rate is predicted automatically pre-hospital. After the X-ray or CT examination, the diagnosis system based on machine learning will make an accurate diagnosis immediately. If liver rupture occurs, it will automatically determine the degree of liver rupture, calculate blood loss, judge the possibility of massive blood transfusion, predict whether it needs immediate embolization therapy, and provide the information of postoperative hospital stay and prognosis. In this hypothetical example, Artificial Intelligence involves many aspects of care and management of trauma patients, and will ultimately improve their diagnosis and treatment.
Stopping Bad Things From Happening to Good People in Shock Trauma Centers
Published in Marilyn Sue Bogner, Misadventures in Health Care, 2003
Trauma patient diagnoses are refined by means of investigations, such as radiography (x-rays) and portable ultrasound scanning devices (similar to the devices used to observe babies in the womb) that detect blood in the abdomen noninvasively, and by the findings from the laboratory blood tests. The priorities for the initial assessment and management are outlined as guidelines developed by the American College of Surgeons. These Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Guidelines are a prototypical approach to provide a best-practice model for the trauma team that works in a high-risk environment where tasks need to be carried out under severe time pressures with many stressors including noise and uncertainty. Often nonroutine decisions have to be made with imperfect information, and there may be no correct answer.
Occupational Safety
Published in Charles D. Reese, Occupational Safety and Health, 2017
Trauma is, by definition, an injury produced by a force (violence, thermal, chemical, or an extrinsic agent). Occupational trauma transpires from the contact with or the unplanned release of varied sources of energy intrinsic within the workplace. Most workplaces are a plethora of energy sources from potential (stored) energy to kinetic (energy in motion) energy sources. These sources may be stacked materials (potential) or a jackhammer (kinetic). It is the sources of energy that are the primary causes of trauma deaths and injuries to workers.
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Pediatric Ocular Pathology: Imaging Study of 115 eyes
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
The predominant primary clinical diagnosis was cataract in 40 (34.8%) eyes. This included congenital and developmental cataract in 26.1% eyes, and secondary to trauma, uveitis, and steroid or fluoxetine usage in 15.7%. Corneal disease came second with 28 (24.3%) eyes including corneal scars, keratoconus, and congenital anomalies like cornea plana, microcornea, and Peter’s anomaly. Glaucoma came in third in 18 (15.7%), with the majority being JOAG, steroid-induced in the rest, and one case of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) in advanced retinoblastoma. Trauma accounted for a total of 15 (13%) eyes, with blunt trauma in the majority. Conjunctival tumors and ectopia lentis accounted for 3 (2.6%) eyes each. Congenital diseases accounted for the majority of our cohort. (Table 1) 24 (20.9%) eyes had a positive systemic association tabulated in Table 1. The structural pathology of AS-OCT was also documented, analyzed, and tabulated (Table 2).
Types and site distributions of intestinal injuries in seat belt syndrome
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2020
Yuta Yamamoto, Yusuke Miyagawa, Masato Kitazawa, Shugo Takahata, Seigo Aoyagi, Nao Hondo, Makoto Koyama, Satoshi Nakamura, Shigeo Tokumaru, Futoshi Muranaka, Yuji Soejima
Intestinal injuries are not common and occur in approximately 1% of all blunt trauma patients. In particular, perforating small bowel injuries accounted for only 0.3% of blunt trauma admissions (Watts and Fakhry 2003). However, intestinal injuries, including bowel perforation and mesenteric injuries due to seat belt syndrome, must not be underestimated because they usually require emergency laparotomy due to accompanying peritonitis and hemorrhaging, and are potentially lethal if left untreated. During the procedure, it may be difficult to determine the exact site(s) of the injury in the intestine for two main reasons. First, multiple areas are often damaged. Second, when mesenteric injuries occur, massive intraperitoneal hemorrhaging may make it difficult to identify the causal bleeding points. A better understanding of these injuries will enable rapid detection and hemostasis and result in good prognosis. There have been few published reports documenting the most common locations of these injuries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the incidence and distribution of intestinal injuries in seat belt syndrome.
Soft body armour
Published in Textile Progress, 2019
Unsanhame Mawkhlieng, Abhijit Majumdar
BFS is an assessment of blunt trauma behind the impacted surface of body armour. Hence, it is an extremely important parameter to evaluate the suitability of an armour because even if the armour stops the bullet from perforating, the extent of transverse deflection may be so deep that it may be fatal to the wearer. According to the NIJ standard 0101.06, BFS should not exceed 44 mm [112]. In order to measure BFS, a standard backing material such as clay is used. The NIJ standard recommends Roma Pastilina as the clay material, probably because the hardness of this clay matches that of the human tissue. Prior to its use as backing material, the clay is calibrated to ensure that it possesses requisite hardness. The recommended procedure is to obtain an indentation of 19 mm ± 2 mm when a spherical steel ball having diameter of 63.5 mm ± 0.05 mm and mass of 1043 g ± 5 g is dropped from a height of 2 metres on to the conditioned clay. Trauma volume is also important in the context of blunt trauma evaluation as it represents the amount of energy absorbed. However, measuring the volume practically can be challenging. Karahan et al. [61] measured the same by curve fitting techniques (polynomial and spline) of data obtained from millimetrical divisions marked on the actual deformed mould. Park et al. [144] calculated the volume of trauma depth through a definite integral equation and velocity of impact from the energy equation. A plot between trauma volume and impact velocity gave rise to a linear equation, from which the kinetic energy dissipation can be calculated.