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Nanotechnology-Mediated Radiation Therapy
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
In liver cancer treatment, apart from the current treatment modalities, such as IBRT and EBRT, it includes three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). In 3D-CRT, a 3D-shaped tumor is targeted with multiple small volumes of radiation beams; whereas, in SBRT, a designated target receives high energy radiation beams with minimizing side effects to nearby tissues. Vomiting, nausea, gastritis, upper abdominal pain, and bleeding are common side effects in this scenario [7, 8].
Drug Side Effect Frequency Mining over a Large Twitter Dataset Using Apache Spark
Published in Saravanan Krishnan, Ramesh Kesavan, B. Surendiran, G. S. Mahalakshmi, Handbook of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Dennis Hsu, Melody Moh, Teng-Sheng Moh, Diane Moh
An example of a rare side effect that was less reported but was seen in all the top 10 drugs was nausea. For example, Adderall and Vyvanse are known to cause nausea as they are stimulants that suppress the appetite. Ibuprofen is also known to cause nausea, especially when taken without food, as it is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and its effects on inhibiting COX also inhibit stomach protective enzymes. Xanax and Gabapentin cause nausea. Melatonin causes abdominal cramps and would be associated with nausea. Tylenol is not listed as causing nausea but can cause gastrointestinal hemorrhage, so this is new information that would be forwarded to FAERS. Also, Benadryl had two reports of nausea, which were reports that would also be forwarded to 0.
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Published in William H. Bush, Karl N. Krecke, Bernard F. King, Michael A. Bettmann, Radiology Life Support (Rad-LS), 2017
Adverse reactions to gadolinium-based contrast media for MRI are very rare. However, they still can occur. Headaches are the most common adverse effects, occurring in 3 per cent of patients. Nausea or vomiting is the next most common adverse effect and occurs in 1–2 per cent of patients. Routinely keeping patients NPO (nothing by mouth) for 6–12 h prior to the MRI study may help to reduce the risk of vomiting in the scanner.
Effect of foam densification and impact velocity on the performance of a football helmet using computational modeling
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Samuel T. Mills, Trevor S. Young, Lillian S. Chatham, Sourav Poddar, R. Dana Carpenter, Christopher M. Yakacki
There are between 1.6 and 3.8 million concussions and traumatic brain injuries related to sports every year in the US (Wideman et al. 2014). For football, concussions affect players at every level. In the NFL there were between 206 and 281 concussions every year from 2012 through 2019 (Injury Data 2019). Concussion symptoms include headaches, nausea, amnesia, difficulty concentrating, as well as others (Stein et al. 2016). These symptoms result in issues causing emotional and financial damage to the athletes. The NFL has paid out more than 600 million dollars in restitution in a recent lawsuit from former NFL players, but many players still reserve the right to sue the NFL in the future (NFL 2019). The emotional cost is evident when players who suffer repeated concussions can show emotional distress, and can even have suicidal thoughts (MSKTC 2019). The NFL is currently working to prevent brain injuries and making significant investment into injury prevention research and development. Hockey, baseball, cycling, and other sports are also working to improve player health and safety through improvements in head protective equipment (Sone et al. 2017; Foster et al. 2018; Gabler, Joodaki, et al. 2018; Helmich et al. 2019; Meehan et al. 2019). The military has been attempting to prevent this issue. Many studies have been performed in an attempt to improve the blast and blunt impact performance of the advanced combat helmet in an attempt to improve solider safety (Bin et al. 2012; Hegemier et al. 2013; Palta et al. 2018). The need to reduce the risk of concussions is obvious, but the solutions that do so remain elusive.
Anxiety may be a risk factor for experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms during endurance races: An observational study
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2021
Patrick B. Wilson, Hayley Russell, Jamie Pugh
The third and final survey was sent to participants late in the morning on race day, and participants were told to complete it after finishing their race. Participants reported their finishing time as well as the overall level of GI discomfort they experienced during the race for six symptoms. The severity of each symptom was rated using a validated 0–10 scale, (Wilson, 2017) and the following standardized definitions were used to describe symptoms. Nausea: A feeling of sickness in the stomach marked by an urge to vomit.Regurgitation/Reflux: Sensation of food or fluid returning from the stomach to the esophagus or mouth.Stomach Fullness: A sensation of fullness or abdominal pressure in the upper abdomen.Abdominal Cramps: Pain or cramping sensation, often experienced in the mid- or lower-portion of the abdomen.Gas/Flatulence: Gas or flatus expelled through the anus.Urge to Defecate: Sensation of needing to pass a bowel movement.
Utilization of Morchella esculenta-mediated green synthesis golden nanoparticles in biomedicine applications
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and hormone therapy used in cancer treatment cause significant side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and hair loss.[2] Thus, alternative methods are required for long-term treatments AuNPs are a novel agent in cancer therapy and exhibit aggregation and size-dependent cytotoxic activity against different cancer cells depending on the dose of the nanoparticles.[43–45] Furthermore, the use of AuNPs significantly reduces the risk of side effects and limits damage to healthy cells.[46]. No studies investigating the cytotoxic effects of ME-AuNPs against the A549 and HepG2 cell lines were found in the literature. Furthermore, studies evaluating the anticancer activities of AuNPs using fungal extracts are quite limited.[27] The cytotoxic effects of ME-AuNPs against the A549 cell line are shown in Table 3. As can be seen, the highest inhibition (99,502%) was detected at a concentration of 5 g/mL, while the lowest inhibition (0.641%) was obtained at a concentration of 0.078 g/mL. The IC50 value of the ME-AuNPs against the A549 cells was 0.548 g/mL. The cytotoxic effects of the ME-AuNPs against the HepG2 cell line are shown in Table 4. As can be seen, the highest inhibition (84, 153%) was detected at a concentration of 20 g/mL, while the lowest inhibition (8,408%) was obtained at a concentration of 1.25 g/mL. The IC50 value of the ME-AuNPs against the HepG2 cells was 11,672 g/mL.