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Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Gastric and Colonic Diseases
Published in Sarwar Beg, Mahfoozur Rahman, Md. Abul Barkat, Farhan J. Ahmad, Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Disease, 2019
Md. Adil Shaharyar, Mahfoozur Rahman, Kainat Alam, Sarwar Beg, Kumar Anand, Chowdhury Mobaswar Hossain, Arijit Guha, Muhammad Afzal, Imran Kazmi, Rehan Abdur Rub, Sanmoy Karmakar
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic disease characterized by reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus with symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation. The regurgitation takes place usually after a heavy meal. Other symptoms include dysphagia, chest pain, and coughing. In this disease, 20% of American and 15% of the worldwide population face weekly symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation. Endoscopy of the upper part of GI is commonly used to detect GERD. It is of two types erosive and non-erosive. On-erosive reflux disease (NERD) is characterized by the absence of esophageal mucosal erosion in GERD during upper Endoscopy findings while in erosive esophagitis there is esophageal mucosal inflammation and swelling. The erosive type is known as Barrett’s esophagus, which often succumbs to esophageal cancer. Remedial measures to enhance the performance of GI system include taking digestive aids in short durations, not lying down immediately after taking food, taking food with low rented sugar (De Vault et al., 1999).
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a movement of food, fluids, and digestive juices from the stomach back up into the esophagus; causes irritation of the esophagus with acid, resulting in discomfort.
World Trade Center Health Program best practices for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2023
Ruth A. Lin, Geoffrey M. Calvert, Iris G. Udasin
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common health conditions reported among the World Trade Center Health Program (WTCHP) cohorts.1–4 It is the 2nd most common condition certified for treatment coverage by the WTCHP (among enrolled members who meet eligibility criteria, certified conditions are those medical conditions for which medically necessary treatment expenses are paid by the WTCHP). Among those who developed new-onset GERD after the 9/11 attacks, after approximately 15 years post-9/11, 73% continued to report GERD-related symptoms.5 The main risk factors for GERD in responders are early arrival to the WTC site and exposure to the dust cloud and particulates. The pathophysiology has not been definitively determined but is thought to be due to inflammation of the digestive mucosa arising from 9/11 irritant exposures.2,3,6–8 Psychologic stress associated with the terrorist attack is another potential cause.1 Many investigators have reported on the prevalence or co-morbidity of GERD with asthma or lower respiratory disease1,2,8,9 and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).1,2,10 Overweight and obesity, both of which are highly prevalent in WTCHP cohorts, are risk factors for GERD symptoms, erosive esophagitis, and esophageal adenocarcinoma.11 As expected, GERD prevalence was higher in overweight and obese responders.12