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Ecological and Health Implications of Heavy Metals Contamination in the Environment and Their Bioremediation Approaches
Published in Ram Naresh Bharagava, Sandhya Mishra, Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh Saratale, Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira, Bioremediation, 2022
Various data show that exposure of humans to aluminium and its compounds can be linked to various neurodegenerative disorders. Aluminium can enter the brain by passing the blood–brain barrier, and being similar to iron, it replaces iron from the iron-dependent cells involved in memory. Due to its accumulation, it causes microtubule depletion, amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangles and degeneration of neurons resulting in multiregion atrophy in hippocampus and the cerebral cortex, which is characteristic of Alzheimer’s pathology (Bondy 2016). Vaccine adjuvants and infant formula contain aluminium, which can cause chronic brain inflammation. Strong correlation exists between the amount of aluminium given to infants by aluminium-adjuvanted vaccines and autism rates (Miller 2016). Aluminium can be transferred by placenta and milk to foetus. Overconsumption of antacids during pregnancy may cause toxicity to foetus. Fanni et al. (2014) observed that it can cross placenta leading to accumulation in foetal tissue, which results in delayed ossification, malformations, mental retardation and in utero death.
A Synoptic Overview on Ancient Alchemy Sudha Varg (Calcium-Containing Drugs)
Published in Cherry Bhargava, Amit Sachdeva, Pardeep Kumar Sharma, Smart Nanotechnology with Applications, 2020
Saurabh Singh, Simranjeet Kaur, Dileep Singh Baghel, Nitika Anand, Sakshi Sabharwal, Vibhu Khanna, Arun Kumar, Iqbaljit Kaur
Thousands of calcium supplements are available in the form of nutraceuticals.They are used to cure calcium malabsorption by enhancing the diffusion constituent of absorption. They are commonly used as food supplement to prevent age-related osteoporosis. [78]Calcium is used for chelating certain anions, mainly phosphate. It is used in chronic renal failure, where there is a reduction in phosphate absorption [79].Symptomatic gastric acidity – calcium carbonate is used as an antacid between meals to neutralize gastric acidity in gastro-oesophageal acid reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease [79].The formulations are mentioned in Table 13.11.
Subsurface Processes
Published in Stephen M. Testa, Geological Aspects of Hazardous Waste Management, 2020
Broadly speaking, a buffer is any solid, species, reaction, etc. that tends to reduce or prevent a change within the system. Buffer is often used with respect to acid/base systems in which an acid/base reaction is controlled or buffered by some aspect of the system. Antacid tablets use the dissolution of various solids, such as CaCO3, MgOH, or Al(OH)3, to buffer the acidity of the stomach. CO32- or OH− from the dissolution reactions combine with H+, removing excess H+ as a new equilibrium is reached in the stomach. Nonchemical buffers also occur, exemplified by the melting of ice which buffers the temperature in a glass of water so that it remains at 0°C as long as ice remains in contact with the liquid.
Experimental investigations on the performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with biodiesel from neem oil
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
M. Kannan, R. Sathish Babu, S. Sathish
Biodiesel can be created from any one of the three strategies from oils and fats: Transesterification of the oil – base-catalysedTransesterification of the oil – direct corrosive catalysedChange of crude oil to unsaturated fats and after that changed over to biodieselwith liquor within the sight of a solid antacid impetus, more often than not sodium hydroxide. In most of the case biodiesel is used instead of methonal or ethanal and sometimes mothonal is a base impetus with potassium. Figure 3 demonstrates the schematic outline of biodiesel creation.
Significant biopolymers and their applications in buccal mediated drug delivery
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
To create a hydrogel with alginate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-alginate-based hydrogel is formulated and its cytocompatibility is evaluated. The polymer composite was fabricated by 3 D printing using a freeze-thaw process. The scanning electron microscope was also employed in this process to see the morphology. A rheometer was used for the examination of the rheological properties and cell counting assays were also performed, to determine the mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of the scaffolds. The crosslinking time, mechanical strength, and cytocompatibility were shown to be enhanced to a greater extent with the use of PVA [17]. The double-action can be achieved by the combination of alginate-antacid, which has both the properties of acid-neutralization and reflux-suppression. The main purpose was to measure the efficacy and safety of Gaviscon Double Action (Gaviscon DA) compared with matched placebo tablets in the reduction of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) [17]. As compared with placebo tablets, the primary endpoint was achieved at a significantly larger proportion of patients treated with Gaviscon DA. A significant effect was also observed for heartburn, regurgitation, and dyspepsia individually.
Green synthesis of magnesium and cobalt oxide nanoparticles using Euphorbia tirucalli: Characterization and potential application for breast cancer inhibition
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Ipeleng Kopano Kgosiemang, Relebohile Lefojane, Paballo Direko, Zandile Madlanga, Samson Mashele, Mamello Sekhoacha
Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are multifunctional and are considered crucial in research due to their physio-chemical and optoelectronic properties.[10,11] Recently, the synthesis of CoONPs and MgONPs has attracted interest in the biomedical field due to their application as antibacterial, antacid for heartburn, bone regeneration, drug delivery systems and cancer therapy.[12–18] Among the known different inorganic metal oxides, MgONPs and CoONPs have some advantages: they are stable under extreme conditions, possess a higher adsorption ability, contain a large surface area, and have interesting physical and chemical properties.[19] CoONPs have a size-dependent structure, energy storage, magnetic as well as catalytic properties.[20,21] MgONPs on the other hand, are less toxic and relatively easy to obtain. They have been reported to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and are used as heating mediators for cancer therapy.[22–24] Although studies have been carried out on MgONPs and CoONPs, not much research has been done on the toxicity of CoONPs toward breast cancer cell lines.