China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Association of the Anal Position Index (API) with constipation
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
H.A. Sinuhaji, E. Azlin, Supriatmo, A. Rahmad, A. Sinuhaji, A.B. Sinuhaji
Constipation is one of the most common chronic disorders of childhood, affecting 1% to 30% of children worldwide. Constipation is responsible for 3% of all primary care visits for children and 10% to 25% of paediatric gastroenterology visits (Nurko & Zimmerman, 2014). Constipation is a symptom rather than a disease (Karami & Shokohi, 2013).
Effects of 24-week prebiotic intervention on self-reported upper respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and markers of immunity in elite rugby union players.
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
C. Parker, K.A. Hunter, M.A. Johnson, G.R. Sharpe, G.R. Gibson, G.E. Walton, C. Poveda, B. Cousins, N.C. Williams
The study was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial over 168-days during a regular rugby union season in the Gallagher English Premiership. Forty-one healthy, elite rugby union players (age 23 ± 4 years; body mass 103 ± 13 kg; height 186 ± 7 cm) from a single club volunteered to participate in the present study. Participants were non-smokers, had no history of gastrointestinal illness (e.g. irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, lactose intolerance, and chronic constipation or diarrhoea), and were not regularly consuming foods enriched with probiotics, prebiotics, or vitamins. They were matched into pairs based on body mass and playing position before randomly being allocated an intervention. All data were collected between September 2019 to February 2020 in the English autumn and winter months (temperature range −4 to +25°C). The study duration was originally scheduled for 252 days but was terminated at 168 days due to the Coronavirus-19 pandemic. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, Human Tissue Act 2004 and approved by the Nottingham Trent University Human Invasive Ethics Committee (ethical protocol 612, approved 23rd May 2019). All participants were informed, both verbally and in writing, of the nature of the study before providing written consent to participate.
In situ characterization of human fingernails by optical front-face fluorescence for the identification of primary hypothyroidism
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2023
Mohamed Nakkach, Rihem Nouir, Imen Cherni, Mehdi Somaï, Fatma Daoued, Besma Ben Dhaou, Fatma Boussema, Sami Hamzaoui, Hassen Ghalila
Hypothyroidism is a chronic disease in which the thyroid gland produces insufficient hormone to meet peripheral tissue needs. Primary hypothyroidism (PH) refers to thyroid failure resulting from a disease of the thyroid gland and accounts for more than 99% of all cases.[1] The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism (OH) in the general population varies between 0.3% and 3.7% in the USA and between 0.2% and 5.3% in Europe.[2–6] Differences in iodine status affect the prevalence of hypothyroidism, which occurs more frequently in both populations with relatively high iodine intake and populations with severe iodine deficiency.[7,8] OH occurs when serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are higher than 4.5 mIU/L and thyroxine (T4) levels (free and total T4) are below the population reference range.[9] Most symptoms attributed to hypothyroidism are common in the general population and are nonspecific. The most common symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults are fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, constipation, hoarseness, weight gain, and dry skin. Less common symptoms of hypothyroidism include nail changes, anemia, and various neurological, musculoskeletal, and metabolic symptoms.[1,10] Other symptoms in hypothyroidism are onycholysis and slow-growing and thin nails.[11]
Preparation and in-vitro, in-vivo characterisation of pioglitazone loaded chitosan/PEG blended PLGA biocompatible nanoparticles
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Dinesh Kumar Sharma, Gurudutta Pattnaik, Amulyaratna Behera
Pioglitazone is (±) −5 - [ [4- [2 - (5 – ethyl − 2 pyridinyl) ethoxy] phenyl] methyl] − 2, 4- thiazolidinedione and is highly specific agonist for the activation of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor-gamma (PPAR γ) [4]. Pioglitazone hydrochloride (C19H20N2O3S) has a molecular weight of 392.90 daltons. It's a crystalline white powder with no odor. It is soluble in Dimethylformamide, slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol, very slightly soluble in acetonitrile and acetone, practically insoluble in ether and water. Within 2–2.5 h, peak plasma concentrations are reached. It has 3 to 7 hrs of Elimination half life [5]. Poor permeability of the drug across the gastrointestinal membrane results from poor dissolution property from the formulation which is due to slow absorption [6]. Only a few research works have been reported on controlled release formulations utilizing Pioglitazone. If the drug concentration is more in the gastrointestinal tract, it causes several disorders such as gastric pain, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. Hence the demand for controlled release formulation of Pioglitazone is essential for better blood glucose regulation to avoid hypoglycemia and improve treatment efficacy. To overcome the limitations of conventional drugs and their administration due to physiological adversities, considerable technological and scientific advances have been made in the study and improvement of rate-controlled oral drug delivery systems [7].