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Cancer Diagnosis from Histopathology Images Using Deep Learning: A Review
Published in Ranjeet Kumar Rout, Saiyed Umer, Sabha Sheikh, Amrit Lal Sangal, Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Computational Biology, 2023
Vijaya Gajanan Buddhavarapu, J. Angel Arul Jothi
Cancer is a group of diseases that involve abnormal growth of cells that could potentially spread to other parts of the body. It is the second major cause of death that led to 9.6 million deaths in 2018 [102]. Over 50% of cancers can be prevented by committing to lifestyle changes in diet, exercise and other habits. Significant drop in cancer-related deaths has been attributed to early screening, diagnosis and treatment [20].
Green Chemistry Assisted Synthesis of Metallic Nanomaterials Applications
Published in Kaushik Pal, Nanomaterials for Spectroscopic Applications, 2021
Cancer is an irregular, uncontrolled growth of cells triggered by genetic mutations. It leads to a dis-regulated balance of cell proliferation and is able to progress as a small population of cells invades tissues and metastasize to other parts of the body causing significant morbidity and death. The probable factors of initiating cancer in persons comprise genetic, lifestyle such as tobacco, diet, and lack of exercise, certain types of infections, and environmental exposures to distinctive types of chemicals and radiations.
Molecular Imaging of Viable Cancer Cells
Published in Shoogo Ueno, Bioimaging, 2020
Cancer is a global healthcare concern: its annual incidence worldwide in 2018 was estimated to be 18.1 million people, while mortality was 9.6 million people. It is said that one out of five to six people worldwide develop cancer during their lifetime, and one out of eight to ten people die from cancer. Since there is a better chance of recovery when cancer is found and treated at an early stage, as judged in terms of improved five-year survival rates, various types of cancer screening tests, such as blood tests, urine tests, cytology, endoscopic examination, and medical imaging, have been developed and are in routine clinical use. However, substantial numbers of cancer patients are still diagnosed late due to the lack of obvious cancer signs or symptoms, or for other reasons. Available types of cancer treatment include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, and so on. In the case of surgical treatment, accurate and complete resection of the tumor is critical to achieve a cure.
Forms of environmental support: The roles that contemporary outpatient oncology settings play in shaping patient experience
Published in Building Research & Information, 2023
Cancer patients are prone to treatment-related vulnerabilities; experiencing changes in appetite, memory capacity, and bodily appearance; developing significant tiredness and exhaustion; and enduring substantial stress and anxiety (Ancoli-Israel et al., 2012). Patients become also sensitive to temperature, odours, noise, and require frequent use of toilets (Browall et al., 2013). Such challenges are stressful not only because they are uncontrollable but also because they can be intensified by poorly-designed spaces. With the shift towards delivering treatment on an outpatient basis (Bloom et al., 2015; Mehnert et al., 2012); the increased possibility for patients to encounter a therapy, such as chemotherapy, at some point of their treatment course (Farrugia et al., 2006; Pace et al., 2009); and the unique physical and psychological burdens that such therapy imposes, exploring patients’ experiences of a supportive design for such settings becomes timely and warranted.
Introducing a modern chemotherapeutic drug formulated by iron nanoparticles for the treatment of human lung cancer
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2021
Junfeng Bai, Xin Gongsun, Liangliang Xue, Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh
Cancer is a genetic disease that includes 277 types of diseases. There are also more than 100,000 types of chemicals in our environment, of which only 35,000 have been analysed and about 300 of them produce cancer. The remaining 65,000 chemicals in nature have not yet been tested. Cancer occurs due to uncontrolled cell division, which is the result of environmental factors and genetic disorders [35, 36]. The four key genes involved in cancer cell conduction include DNA repair genes, tumour suppressor genes, oncogenes and programmed death genes [37, 38]. If a genetic mutation is produced in a cell, normal cells go out of their way and are affected by new commands that progress to cancer cells. In addition to chemicals, sunlight, shortwave, viruses and bacteria also have a special role in causing cancer [36–38]. Cancers have existed since the beginning of mankind. In recent decades, advances in computer molecular medicine have been able to not only study the causes and mechanisms of this deadly disease but also to perform better in its early diagnosis and treatment [21, 39]. More than 50% of cancers are currently being treated, especially if diagnosed early. Cancer can be treated in several ways: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy or a combination of these. Due to the relative inefficiency and very severe side effects of chemotherapy drugs, researchers and scientists have sought a new formulation of various compounds, especially metallic nanoparticles [21, 38].
Image enhancement methods on extracted texture features to detect prostate cancer by employing machine learning techniques
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2021
Saqib Iqbal, Lal Hussain, Ghazanfar Farooq Siddiqui, Mir Aftab Ali, Faisal Mehmood Butt, Mahnoor Zaib
Cancer is the combination of many diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Recently many cases are reported by cancer statics in report [1] also by authors in [2] which include smoking, Poor nutrition, Human papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) alcohol consumption, massive body weight and no physical activity [3]. The current COVID-19 pandemic has created a bad impact on human health along with other crises, so World Health organization recommends lockdown and social distancing to prevent the spread of sars-cov-2 [4]. Recent research also reveals that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) infection also increases the mortality rate of prostate cancer (PCa) patients [5]. During the pandemic, it effects every ethnicity age but is more severe in old age [4], where previous epidemics of 2003 and 2012 did not affect PCa patients as it is an effect in the current pandemic [6].