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Antiviral Drugs as Tools for Nanomedicine
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
In 1960, radiation therapy was introduced to control the local disease. In radiation therapy, there is high energy radiation that stops cell division and blocks its ability to grow by damaging the genetic material (Gianfaldoni et al. 2017). However, then, it was realised that these treatments individually were not effective and therefore combinatorial therapies were introduced to control cancer. Radiation therapy done before surgery shrinks the tumour, and if performed after, it destructs the tumour cells that are left behind, resulting in a reduction in the cancer relapse (Delaney et al. 2005; Baskar et al. 2012). The work of Hanahan and Weinberg opened new avenues for understanding and knowledge about some hidden secrets of this aggressive disease. They reported ten traits that make a normal cell become a cancerous one, namely sustaining proliferative signalling, evading growth suppressors, avoiding immune destruction, enabling replicative immortality, tumour-promoting inflammation, activating invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, resisting cell death, deregulating cellular energetics, and genome instability and mutation (Hanahan and Weinberg 2000, 2011). This led to development of new approaches for cancer treatment.
Image Analysis and Tomography
Published in Gregory S. Chirikjian, Alexander B. Kyatkin, Engineering Applications of Noncommutative Harmonic Analysis, 2021
Gregory S. Chirikjian, Alexander B. Kyatkin
Radiation therapy treatment planning (which also goes by other related names such as radiotherapy planning or radiation treatment planning) is the field concerned with delivering the best dose of radiation to a patient in order to damage or destroy a tumor, while causing no more than an acceptable amount of damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Radiation therapy treatment planning can be delivered either by external beams using a columnator, or by internal placement of radioactive material (either by ingestion or by a surgical procedure). When we refer to the radiation therapy treatment planning problem, we will mean radiation being delivered through external beams. This problem has been studied extensively (see, for example, [13, 14, 44, 45, 59, 58, 61] and references therein). For recent studies in medical physics and therapy planning see [8, 11, 21, 47, 41, 46, 51, 52, 56, 54, 70]. The book by Webb [69] serves as a very nice introduction to this topic.
Hyperthermia therapy
Published in Riadh Habash, BioElectroMagnetics, 2020
The discovery of ionizing radiation in 1895 by German physicist Wilhelm C. Röntgen (1845–1923) led to the use of X-ray to treat cancer. That marks the beginning of radiation therapy, also known as radiotherapy, as a cancer treatment modality. However, it was determined later that radiation could cause cancer as well as cure it. Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high doses of ionizing radiation to damage the genetic material of cancerous tissue leading to cellular death. Ultimately radiation resulted in the development of conformal radiation therapy (CRT), which uses computerized tomography (CT) images to determine the location of cancerous tumors in three dimensions.
Affinely adjustable robust optimization for radiation therapy under evolving data uncertainty via semi-definite programming
Published in Optimization, 2023
V. Jeyakumar, G. Li, D. Woolnough, H. Wu
Radiation therapy is one of the most widely used treatment options for cancer. Long-term side effects can occur if treatments are not carefully designed due to the exposure of healthy tissues surrounding the tumour. The aim of the radiation treatment planning is to deliver curative doses of radiation to tumours while minimizing the risk of side effects [1–6]. The changes in patient's conditions, such as the changes in the patient's cell responses to external radiation when, for instance, the oxygenation is reduced, often result in uncertainty in dose prescription values and inexactness in oxygenation data because of measurement errors. The changes in cell oxygenation directly impact the response to radiation over time, known as the hypoxia effect [7,8].
Patient-specific physiological model of the respiratory system based on inverse finite element analysis: a comparative study
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
H. Ladjal, M. Giroux, M. Beuve, P. Giraud, B. Shariat
In Europe 350 thousand people die every year of lung cancer, which is considered as the leading cause of all cancer deaths. Radiation therapy is one of the most common treatments for cancer, aims at delivering a lethal dose of ionizing radiation to tumour tissues while sparing the surrounding tissues from the adverse effects of radiation. Breathing is an active and complex process where the respiratory motion is non-reproducible, and the breathing periodicity, amplitude and motion path of patients’ organs, Intracycle and inter-cycle variations of respiratory patterns are observed during the respiration (Ehrhardt et al. 2013).
Physical study of proton therapy at CANAM laboratory on medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2020
L. Torrisi, M. Davidkova, V. Havranek, M. Cutroneo, A. Torrisi
At high doses, radiation therapy kills cancer cells or slows their growth by damaging their DNA. Cancer cells whose DNA is damaged beyond repair stop dividing or die and are removed by the body. Radiation therapy does not kill cancer cells right away. It takes days or weeks of treatment before DNA is damaged enough for cancer cells to die. Then, cancer cells keep dying for weeks or months after radiation therapy ends.