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Big Data in Prostate Cancer
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Big Data in Multimodal Medical Imaging, 2019
Islam Reda, Ashraf Khalil, Mohammed Ghazal, Ahmed Shalaby, Mohammed Elmogy, Ahmed Aboelfetouh, Ali Mahmoud, Mohamed Abou El-Ghar, Ayman El-Baz
Although many researchers have investigated the different causes of prostate cancer, only an indistinct list of risk factors has been recognized. Those risk factors include, for example, the family history, genetic factors, race, and body mass index (BMI) [4]. The likelihood to develop prostate cancer for a man with a first degree relative who suffers from prostate cancer was found to be twice as high as the likelihood to develop prostate cancer for a man with no relatives affected [5,6]. According to the research conducted by Agalliu et al. [7] on 979 cases of prostate cancer, men who suffer from protein-truncating mutations BRCA2 genes have been associated with high Gleason score prostate cancer. It was shown that the race of a person has an effect on the probability of developing prostate cancer. African Americans have a 1.6 times higher chance of developing prostate cancer than European Americans [8]. Rodriguez et al. [9] investigated the association between BMI and weight change and the incidence of prostate cancer. They found that there was a positive correlation between BMI and the risk of aggressive prostate cancer.
Prostate MRI
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Gyan Pareek, Jasjit S. Suri, Prostate Cancer Imaging, 2018
J. Pereira, Gyan Pareek, D. Grand
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer among men in the United States, with an estimated incidence of 180,890 cases in 2016.1 Screening for prostate cancer has traditionally consisted of a digital rectal exam and prostate-specific antigen testing. Following a positive screening evaluation, transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is the gold standard for pathologic diagnosis prior to treatment. However, while ultrasound is used to target regions of the prostate, it is unable to reliably identify focal, high-risk nodules.2 Essentially, the prostate remains the last organ that is routinely biopsied “blind.” As such, the incorporation of precise prostate imaging in the evaluation for PCa has become a topic of great interest. First described as a tool for prostate imaging in the 1980s, MRI has been shown to reliably detect and exclude high-risk prostate cancer and can provide targeting of these lesions for transrectal biopsy.3–5 As the use of prostate MRI grew, the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) was introduced, which outlines standards for MRI technique, interpretation, and reporting.6,7
Assessment of Quercetin Isolated from Enicostemma Littorale Against Few Cancer Targets: An in Silico Approach
Published in A. K. Haghi, Ana Cristina Faria Ribeiro, Lionello Pogliani, Devrim Balköse, Francisco Torrens, Omari V. Mukbaniani, Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2017
Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate gland of the male reproductive system. Most prostate cancers are slow growing; however, there are cases of aggressive prostate cancers. The cancer cells may metastasize (spread) from the prostate to other parts of the body, particularly the bones and lymph nodes. Prostate cancer may cause pain, difficulty in urinating, problems during sexual intercourse or erectile dysfunction. Other symptoms can potentially develop during later stages of the disease.
Locating and sizing tumor nodules in human prostate using instrumented probing – computational framework and experimental validation
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Antonio Candito, Daniel W. Good, Javier Palacio-Torralba, Steven Hammer, Olufemi Johnson, S. Alan McNeill, Robert L. Reuben, Yuhang Chen
Detection of tumor nodules is the key to early cancer diagnosis. For prostate cancer (PCa), first indications are usually a raised level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood, supplemented by digital rectal examination (DRE), which involves palpation of the accessible surface of the prostate through the rectum. There is a continuing clinical need to improve both sensitivity and specificity of simple early screening methods, to better stratify risk for further diagnostic steps such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and biopsy. Recent research has seen increasing interest in instrumenting prostate gland palpation, either for the purpose of enhancing DRE (Kim et al. 2014; Scanlan et al. 2015; Palacio-Torralba et al. 2016) or minimally invasive robot-assisted surgery (Li et al. 2017). The data acquired from such methods are often in the format of force feedback when probing the prostate, either quasi-statically or dynamically, and integrating such strategy of data analysis into DRE procedures has shown promise for improving the effectiveness of early screening for PCa (Hammer et al. 2017). This has been based on observations that cancerous tissue has a higher elastic modulus (Krouskop et al. 1998; Phipps et al. 2005; Carson et al. 2011) than, and different viscoelastic behaviors (Palacio-Torralba et al. 2015; Baghban and Mojra 2018; Yang et al. 2018) from, its healthy counterpart in many tissue types including prostate, breast and pancreas, thus making it possible to detect the tumor nodules based on mechanical measurement.
Air pollution and molecular changes in age-related diseases
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
B. Hermanova, P. Riedlova, A. Dalecka, V. Jirik, V. Janout, R. J. Sram
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed forms of cancer in males. However, its etiology is still, to a considerable extent, unclear. According to various studies, risk factors include ethnicity, age, genetics, hormonal factors, nutrition, but also environmental factors. The effect of polluted air on PC is still being researched. A series of studies have focused on mortality caused by PC in association to where such individuals live. Studies on various different populations have shown that men living in polluted area show a higher incidence of PC compared to those living in unpolluted area (Ramis et al. 2011; Parent et al. 2013; Pouresmaeili et al. 2015). It is not only where these men live in the vicinity of heavy traffic that is studied in association with the incidence of cancer, but also the amount of greenery in the area. Men living in greener areas have a lower risk of developing PC, regardless of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors; however, these observations require further confirmation (Demoury et al. 2017). In opposition to this, there is a study from Denmark, focusing of the incidence of PC in men aged 50–83, in which low population density had no influence on the incidence of PC (Meijer et al. 2012).
Discriminative Spectral Pattern Analysis for Positive Margin Detection of Prostate Cancer Specimens using Light Reflectance Spectroscopy
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2018
Rahilsadat Hosseini, Henry Chan, Payal Kapur, Jeffrey Cadeddu, Hani Liu, Shouyi Wang
Prostate cancer is the second largest cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the United States after lung cancer. For localized prostate cancer, one treatment is prostatectomy, which surgically removes the cancer-containing prostate gland. During the surgery, the prostate gland and surrounding tissue is excised, with the best hope that all the cancer cells are completely removed while maximally preserving healthy surrounding tissue. However, due to limited time, technology, and analysis currently available, any prostate cancer cells already spread on the capsule and/or surrounding tissue are too small to be seen/detected by the surgeon’s naked eyes and thus may be left behind as positive surgical margins. As stated in Giller et al. (2003), there is no globally accepted approach for positive margin (PM) detection of prostate cancer; partial sampling can be used to measure this feature of prostate cancer. Partial sampling can easily miss about 13% to 21% of PMs and even slightly more in patients with low-risk to intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Qiu et al. (2010), discuss ways to minimize the likelihood of a positive margin; one way is to use the Gleason score (a clinical grading). The tissue sample is painted on the external surface with different colors of ink to designate left and right sides prior to slicing. The tissue slices are used to evaluate the margins; one possible clinical feature is Gleason score as the criteria for the positive surgical margin. For example, a high GS (greater than 7) is a sign of PM. In a more recent study (Sharma et al., 2012), a video-rate structured illumination microscopy (VR-SIM) of a removed tumor is established as an alternative to intra-operative frozen section pathology to identify PM, the minimization of which will reduce additional treatment and minimize tumor recurrence. This method is able to generate gigapixel panorama images of the surface that can be interpreted by pathologists. In the previous studies of our own research team, (Kim et al., 2010; Morgan et al., 2016), we found that intraoperative frozen section analysis is time-consuming and inefficient.