Gastrointestinal tract and salivary glands
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Dyspepsia means disordered digestion and may present with nebulous symptoms such as heartburn, bloating after meals, nausea, vomiting and epigastric discomfort. Investigation is often unnecessary but if there are warning features such as weight loss, or age over 55 years with persistent symptoms after treatment, investigation will be indicated. Endoscopy will be performed to exclude malignancy. If reflux is found, endoscopy can also assess the degree of mucosal inflammation and detect complications such as Barrett’s oesophagus (a premalignant condition). Barium swallow will demonstrate the size of a hiatus hernia if present and can show reflux, but mucosal inflammation is only detected if severe, and it will not detect Barrett’s oesophagus and many early cancers.