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Potential of Microalgae for Protein Production
Published in Sanjeet Mehariya, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Algal Biorefineries and the Circular Bioeconomy, 2022
Elena M. Rojo, Alejandro Filipigh, David Moldes, Marisol Vega, Silvia Bolado
Many studies have proven the effectiveness of bioactive peptides regarding anticancer properties, although most of them have been trialed exclusively in vitro and further investigation is needed (Saadaoui et al., 2020). An extract from Synechococcus sp. VDW demonstrated high antioxidant activity, was able to prevent cell proliferation, and was a helpful tool to favor apoptotic phenomena. Diabetes and obesity are diseases for which bioactive peptides have also shown promising results. Some studies demonstrate that bioactive peptides can mimic cholecystokinin (CCK), an anorexigenic gut hormone that positively affects satiety. Hence, adding particular biopeptides to foods could prevent and treat obesity (Hayes et al., 2015). Concerning diabetes, peptides from A. Platensis demonstrated encouraging results as they inhibit a serine exopeptidase DPP-IV, which is related to glucose metabolism and enhances insulin secretion. Furthermore, this peptide also proved to influence starch digestion, diminishing the glycemia peak after ingestion (Hu et al., 2019).
Biopolymer Structures and Behaviors with Comparisons to Synthetic Polymers
Published in Alan Tonelli, Jialong Shen, Conformations, 2020
Zhao et al. have postulated that an important regulator of metabolism, food intake, and fat storage, by the melanocortin system, plays a pivotal role in Cetacean feeding behaviors and sizes. It had been suggested that dietary specialization may have played a significant role in the evolutionary history of Cetaceans and caused the large variations in their body sizes (Slater et al. 2010). The unique collection of neural circuits in the central melanocortin system is capable of sensing signals from a wide array of hormones, nutrients, and other neural inputs and is primarily received by the hypothalamus. The neural signals are mainly received by the brainstem and are involved in the regulation of hunger and satiety (Chaney 2005 and Cone 2006).
Closed-loop insulin delivery: update on the state of the field and emerging technologies
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Other adjunctive therapies have been introduced to optimize glycemic control. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that increases satiety, slows gastric emptying and suppresses glucagon release. Initial small inpatient studies of GLP-1 use with fully closed-loop therapy seemed promising, but there have been no recent larger studies to evaluate outpatient efficacy [112]. Sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT2) inhibitors lower plasma glucose by blocking renal reabsorption and increasing renal excretion of glucose in an insulin-independent manner. Data on SGLT2 as an adjuvant in closed-loop therapy is limited, but results from a recent inpatient study in young adults using fully closed-loop with dapagliflozin were promising with no signs of hypoglycemia or ketosis [113]. Hybrid closed-loop with empagliflozin and simple meal announcement was non-inferior to hybrid closed-loop with carbohydrate counting (and no empagliflozin) in 30 adults on two days in another recent study [114]. Unfortunately, SGLT2s are no longer authorized for treatment of type 1 diabetes [115].
The Relationship between Household SNAP Participation, Parent Feeding Styles, and Child Eating Behaviors
Published in Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 2021
Megan O. Bensignor, Rebecca L. Freese, Nancy E. Sherwood, Jerica M. Berge, Alicia Kunin-Batson, Sara Veblen-Mortenson, Simone A. French
The CEBQ was a validated 35-item parent-reported questionnaire designed to assess a child’s typical eating behaviors.31 Each item was rated on a five-point Likert scale that ranges from “never” (1) to “always” (5) with a higher score indicating that the parent observed the particular eating behavior in their child more frequently. The CEBQ includes eight domains that are considered either behaviors that indicate a child’s desire for food (Food Approach Behaviors: Food Responsiveness, Emotional Overeating, Enjoyment of Food, and Desire to Drink) or behaviors that indicate a child’s avoidance of food (Food Avoid Behaviors: Satiety Responsiveness, Slowness in Eating, Emotional Undereating, and Food Fussiness). Scores for each eating domain were summed and then divided by the number of component items to create each subscale continuous score. The Satiety Responsiveness, Food Responsiveness, and Enjoyment of Food subscales have been validated in four and five year old children using behavioral observation methods of energy intake and eating without hunger and were completed as part of the study.32 In addition to these three subscales, the Food Fussiness subscale was also completed by parents so that two Food Approach Behaviors and two Food Avoid Behaviors were evaluated in the parent study.
Evaluation of sucrose-enriched diet consumption in the development of risk factors associated to type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a murine model
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
Carolina Gabriela Plazas Guerrero, Selene De Jesús Acosta Cota, Francisco Humberto Castro Sánchez, Marcela De Jesús Vergara Jiménez, Efrén Rafael Ríos Burgueño, Juan Ignacio Sarmiento Sánchez, Lorenzo Antonio Picos Corrales, Ulises Osuna Martínez
Otherwise, high-sucrose consumption promotes higher insulinemic responses which triggers signals that are important in the control of food intake (Petykó et al. 2009). Insulin has an anorexigenic effect by decreasing the expression of orexigenic peptide Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and stimulating other satiety signals such as CCK and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (Hita et al. 2006). Insulin also stimulates leptin synthesis by adipocytes which increases satiety and decreases food intake since leptin acts on the hypothalamus by inhibiting the synthesis of NPY and increases the expression of anorexigenic peptides such as CRH (Sánchez 2005; Hita et al. 2006). This possible increase in blood leptin levels has already been observed in previous studies with mice fed with a high-sucrose diet (Oliveira et al. 2014; Castellanos Jankiewicz et al. 2015; Harris 2018).