China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Emerging Diseases
Published in Gary S. Moore, Kathleen A. Bell, Living with the Earth, 2018
Gary S. Moore, Kathleen A. Bell
Streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome (strep TSS) is defined as any Group A streptococcal infection associated with the early onset of shock and organ failure. The initial symptoms of strep TSS involve sudden and severe pain in an extremity or may mimic peritonitis, pneumonia, or heart attack. About one fifth of the patients develop flu-like symptoms with fever, chill, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Fever and evidence of soft tissue infection are present in most patients, with a majority of these progressing to necrotizing fasciitis.150 Patients are often admitted already in shock, and despite treatment, this shock continues combined with renal dysfunction and acute respiratory distress in about 55 percent of the patients. Mortality rates of 30–70 percent have been reported.152
Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with Eryngium caucasicum Trautv aqueous extract
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Matin Azizi, Sajjad Sedaghat, Kambiz Tahvildari, Pirouz Derakhshi, Ahad Ghaemi
The antibacterial activities of AgNPs were explored toward both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. Pathogenic E. coli and S. aureus strains have been reported to cause infections in both humans and animals worldwide.[57]S. aureus strains and known to cause diseases range from simple abscesses and skin infections to the more severe toxic shock syndrome and systemic infections such as pneumonia.[58] Some E. coli strains cause urinary tract infections.[59] We used these pathogenic bacteria in our investigation due to their fast growth, widespread model use, and their ability to grow in different media conditions.[60]
Enhanced production of recombinant Staphylococcus simulans lysostaphin using medium engineering
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2019
Zeynep Efsun Duman, Aişe Ünlü, Mehmet Mervan Çakar, Hayriye Ünal, Barış Binay
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the major causes for nosocomial and community-acquired infections that are associated with a number of diseases including endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, toxic-shock syndrome, food poisoning, and various skin infections such as folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, abscess, and mastitis.[1–5] The treatment of these infections becomes increasingly challenging as there is a significant increase in the emergence of multi-drug resistance among S. aureus. Therefore, it is important to develop a novel anti-staphylococcal agent in order to eradicate antibiotic-resistant S. aureus infections.[6,7] One of the most promising methods to treat staphylococcal infections is the use of lysostaphin thanks to its specificity to staphylococci.[7–10]
Steroidal fraction of Carissa carandas L. inhibits microbial hyaluronidase activity by mixed inhibition mechanism
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Sandip Patil, Bhushan Bhadane, Leena Shirsath, Ravindra Patil, Bhushan Chaudhari
In humans, a ground substance present in connective tissues provides a line of defense against pathogenic bacteria. The viscous nature of such a substance usually acts as a barrier for penetration of pathogens and their extracellular products; however, some bacteria have adapted ways to weaken the limits of connective tissues. Many pathogenic bacteria are able to establish and spread infections at the mucosal or skin surface by producing the enzyme hyase as their potential virulence factor.[3] This potent virulence factor of pathogen plays a pivotal role in several life- threatening diseases, such as gangrene, meningitis, synovitis, hyperplasia, nephritis, mycoplasmosis, periodontal disease, mastitis, pneumonia, septicemia, syphilis, toxic shock syndrome, and wound infections.[4–8] HA is a major constituent of most connective tissues, particularly in the skin, hyase acts as an important weapon of pathogens facilitating their spread from an initial site of infection. While the resulting disaccharides serve as an important energy source for the pathogenic bacteria to grow and spread the infection through tissues.[9,10] Moreover, the polymer HA plays an important role in immune system functions.[11] The breakdown of HA by the hyases of pathogenic organisms may lead to the modulation of immune system, facilitating the growth of pathogens in the host.[3]