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IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Current Perspectives
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2020
Angelo Paci, Mael Heiblig, Christophe Willekens, Sophie Broutin, Mehdi Touat, Virginie Penard-Lacronique, Stéphane de Bottona
In an open-label, multicenter, phase 1 study (NCT02632708), eligible patients with newly diagnosed mutant-IDH1 or mutant-IDH2 AML are treated with induction therapy (daunorubicin 60 mg/m2/day or idarubicin 12 mg/m2/day × 3 days with cytarabine 200 mg/m2/day × 7 days) in combination with either ivosidenib 500 mg once daily (for mutant-IDH1) or enasidenib 100 mg once daily (for mutant-IDH2). After induction, patients may receive <4 cycles of consolidation therapy while continuing the mutant IDH inhibitor. 134 patients had been treated: 47 with ivosidenib (median age 63 years, range 24-76) and 87 with enasidenib (median age 63 years, range 27-77). Secondary AML was present in 38% patients with mutant-IDH2 and in 34% patients with mutant-IDH1. Among the 77 enasidenib-treated patients evaluable for efficacy, a response of CR, CRi, or complete remission with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp) was achieved in 33/45 (73%) patients with de novo AML and in 20/32 (63%) patients with AML. Among the 41 ivosidenib-treated patients evaluable for efficacy, a response of CR, CRi or CRp was achieved in 26/28 (93%) patients with de novo AML and 6/13 (46%) patients with secondary AML. The combination was well tolerated and the most frequent grade >3 non-hematologic adverse events were febrile neutropenia (63%), hypertension (11%), colitis (8%), and maculopapular rash (8%) (Stein et al., 2017a; 2018).
Modeling the Transmission Dynamics of Zika Virus
Published in Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay, Satteluri R. K. Iyengar, Spatial Dynamics and Pattern Formation in Biological Populations, 2021
Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay, Satteluri R. K. Iyengar
The first well-documented report on human Zika virus (ZIKV) disease was available in 1964 when Simpson described his own occupationally acquired ZIKV illness at the age of 28 [98]. For him, it began with a mild headache. The next day, a maculopapular rash covered his face, neck, trunk, and upper arms and spread to his palms and soles. Transient fever, malaise, and back pain developed. By the evening of the second day of illness, he was afebrile, the rash was fading, and he felt better. By day three, he felt well and had only the rash, which disappeared over the next 2 days. ZIKV was isolated from the serum collected while he was febrile. In 1973, Filipe et al. [43] reported laboratory-acquired ZIKV illness in a man with acute onset of fever, headache, and joint pain but no rash [106]. ZIKV was isolated from the serum collected on the first day of occurrence of symptoms; the man’s illness resolved in ~1 week. In summary, the clinical features of Zika disease are the following: (i) mild fever, headache, itchy rash, and conjunctivitis. (ii) Severe complications are Guillain-Barre syndrome, microcephaly, myelitis, encephalitis, etc. Clinical diagnosis of infection with Zika virus is complicated [67]. A suspected case of Zika requires the presence of rash and/or fever with muscle pain, joint pain, etc. These symptoms are to be observed in conjunction with the presence of anti-Zika IgM antibodies. The status of the ZIKV outbreak, including the epidemiology, transmission, clinical presentation, complications, laboratory diagnosis, clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and control measures, were reviewed by Li et al. [67].
Long-term safety and efficacy of breast biopsy markers in clinical practice
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Sharon Smith, Clayton R. Taylor, Estella Kanevsky, Stephen P. Povoski, Jeffrey R. Hawley
Cases of allergic reaction to breast biopsy markers are exceedingly rare in the current medical literature. However, of the 16 reported AEs in the FDA’s MAUDE database in the last 5 years, 6 (37.5%) were related to allergic reactions [22]. Allergic reactions to titanium, a component of both HydroMARK, MammoMARK, and CorMARK biopsy markers, have been reported in dental and orthopedic implants as well as titanium-based breast surgical clips [30–33]. The clinical presentation of titanium allergy varies to include contact dermatitis, severe itching skin rash, and inflammatory granulomatous reactions [31–34]. Though epidemiological studies have not been carried out to assess the rate of titanium allergy in the general population, a study conducted by Sicilia et al. [35] found the estimated prevalence of titanium in dental implants to be 0.6%.
Integrated observing systems: An approach to studying harmful algal blooms in south Florida
Published in Journal of Operational Oceanography, 2019
Adam M. Schaefer, M. Dennis Hanisak, Malcolm McFarland, James M. Sullivan
Exposure to microcystin and related toxins produced during IRL blooms has been associated with gastrointestinal and hepatic illness in both humans and animals in other systems. Direct human contact with cyanobacteria during active blooms is one of the most common routes of exposure and has been widely reported. Symptoms of dermal exposure include rash, blister, asthma, conjunctivitis, ear and eye irritation (Wood 2016). In Florida, Hawaii, and Australia, swimmers and recreational fishermen have reported symptoms after exposure to algal blooms in coastal waters. In another instance, 800 individuals reported skin rash, eye infections and oral ulcers after exposure to an active bloom (Pilotto et al. 1997). The duration of symptoms was related to the duration of contact with water and with Microcystis cell counts. Multiple reports of illness as a result of drinking water contaminated by cyanotoxins have also been documented. These include 2000 cases of gastroenteritis and 88 deaths in 42 days among a population in Brazil after a reservoir was contaminated with Microcystis and Anabaena (Teixeira et al. 1993).
Prevention of nickel release from electroplated articles in the context of allergic contact dermatitis: further outcomes
Published in Transactions of the IMF, 2018
Nickel released from decorative electroplated articles can cause ACD, appearing as a rash, itch, redness or dry skin in nickel-sensitised persons. Often called Nickel Allergy, this happens when some nickel-containing items are in direct and prolonged contact with the skin, causing the immune system to become nickel-sensitised should sufficient nickel ions be absorbed through the skin repeatedly in the same area. Once affected, further exposure to nickel ions can cause nickel-allergic reactions and while the symptoms will dissipate after removal of the source, ACD can reoccur with further exposure to nickel ions. The outcome may vary markedly from one individual to another.