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Biomaterials and Immune Response in Periodontics
Published in Nihal Engin Vrana, Biomaterials and Immune Response, 2018
Sivaraman Prakasam, Praveen Gajendrareddy, Christopher Louie, Clarence Lee, Luiz E. Bertassoni
Patients’ sensitisation to metal alloys is quite common. Patch test clinical studies to detect metal sensitivity in large populations indicate sensitisation rates from 8122 to 25%123 – women being more affected than men.109 Yet, it is unusual for patients to present adverse reactions against dental alloys. When the patient shows symptoms of dental metal alloy immunoreactivity, this is mainly related to palladium chloride,123–126 gold sodium thiosulfate105 and nickel alloys.105,127 Patients generally complain of pain, taste disturbances, burning sensation, dry mouth, associated with objective findings such as ulcerations, vesicles, lichenoid reaction, non-plaque-related gingivitis, stomatitis, recurrent aphtosis, cheilitis, hand/face dermatitis, eczema and/or atopy.105,109,125
A comprehensive summary of disease variants implicated in metal allergy
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2022
Several other clinical manifestations of oral mucosal allergy have been associated with allergenic metals, although many exhibit considerable overlap with one or many of the previously-described presentations. For example, peri-oral ACD is a term commonly assigned in cases where allergic skin reactions are observed in the skin around the mouth, but no other discernable diagnostic criteria exist to implicate classification of the disease as another manifestation of oral mucosal allergy (Goh and Ng 1987). Cobalt, Au, Pd, and Ni are all metals that were identified as potential inducers of peri-oral ACD (Bakula et al. 2011; Khamaysi, Bergman, and Weltfriend 2006). In a similar regard, allergic contact cheilitis involves a superficial inflammation of the lip that often occurs simultaneously with stomatitis or peri-oral ACD. Gold, specifically, is commonly implicated in cases of contact allergic cheilitis (Bakula et al. 2011). Notably, both of these conditions have also been associated with eruptions in subjects following oral contact with musical instruments, topical medicines, and cosmetics containing metal allergens (Collet, Jeudy, and Dalac 2013).
Exhaled carbon monoxide levels correlate with incidence of oral mucosal lesions independent of smoking status
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2019
Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga, Agnieszka Wachsmann, Marta Olszewska, Lukasz Partyka
In the next stage, items were reduced down and aggregated to lesion descriptions possible to acquire and differentiate during the instructor-led street-based screening type questionnaire. Queries referred to the incidence of oral mucosal lesions, recurrence of lesions, and lesion types. Following items were identified: focal (inflammatory) mucosal erythema, pseudomembranous candidiasis (‘thrush’), ulcerations including aphthous stomatitis (‘canker sores’), papules, vesicular lesions (‘cold sores’), herpetic gingivostomatitis, ulcerations of perioral, and vermillion border of the lips, angular cheilitis (scaling fissures with erythema).