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Antimicrobial Applications of Nanodevices Prepared from Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Role in Controlling Infectious Diseases
Published in Suvardhan Kanchi, Rajasekhar Chokkareddy, Mashallah Rezakazemi, Smart Nanodevices for Point-of-Care Applications, 2022
Catharanthus roseus leaf extract mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and the antibacterial activity results showed an increased zone of inhibition as concentration increased against gram-positive pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus cereus than gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Cardiospermum leaf extract as a reducing agent and tested for their antimicrobial potency against pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus, E. coli and S. aureus and fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. Gram-positive organisms resulted in exhibiting higher sensitivity to biosynthesized zinc nanoparticles than gram-negative bacteria. Among the other two fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus showed a high zone of inhibition proving its sensitivity to zinc nanoparticles [82].
Biomedical Applications of Carbon Nanotubes
Published in Lionello Pogliani, Suresh C. Ameta, A. K. Haghi, Chemistry and Industrial Techniques for Chemical Engineers, 2020
Avinash Kumar Rai, Neha Kapoor, Jayesh Bhatt, Rakshit Ameta, Suresh C. Ameta
A fast, sensitive, and label-free biosensor for the selective determination of Salmonella Infantis has been reported by Villamizar et al.62 It is based on a field effect transistor (FET), here a network of single-walled carbon nantotubes acts as the conductor channel. Anti-Salmonella antibodies were adsorbed onto the SWCNTs and then the SWCNTs were protected with Tween 20 to prevent the non-specific binding of other bacteria or proteins. They exposed this FET device to increasing concentrations of S. Infantis and could detect at least 100 CFU mL−1 in 1 h. Streptococcus pyogenes and Shigella sonnei were also tested as potential competing bacteria for Salmonella. It was observed that Streptococcus and Shigella did not interfere with the detection of Salmonella at a concentration of 500 CFU mL−1.
Clinical Effects of Pollution
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 5, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Purpura fulminans in young children and adolescents is usually associated with meningococcemia (caused by Neisseria meningitidis), whereas in adults, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is most often implicated.475,476,508,514 Encapsulated bacteria (meningococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, or pneumococcus) are usually found when purpura fulminans occurs in a patient who has undergone splenectomy or who has functional asplenia.515 Numerous other bacteria, both gram-positive (e.g., Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus species) and gram-negative (e.g., E. coli), have been implicated, as well as rickettsia,516 malaria,517 disseminated TBC,518 and viral infections (e.g., rubeola519 and varicella475). Infection with Capnocytophaga species associated with a dog bite or human saliva has a high risk of purpura fulminans.520 Of course, these patients are usually not screened for immune parameters such as T and B lymphocytes complement or gamma globulin subsets. The T and B might be treated with autogenous lymphocytic factor and the gamma globulin, which might dampen or stop the infection.
Efficient antibacterial activity in copper oxide nanoparticles biosynthesized via Jasminum sambac flower extract
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2023
Manisha Khandelwal, Ashok Kumawat, Kamakhya Prakash Misra, Rama Kanwar Khangarot
Antimicrobial activities of synthesized CuO NPs were performed against two Gram-negative bacteria [Escherichia coli (MTCC 443) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1688)], Gram-positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96) and Streptococcus pyogenes (MTCC 442)], and three fungal strains [Candida albicans (MTCC 227), Aspergillus niger (MTCC 282) and Aspergillus clavatus (MTCC 1323)] through the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) following the micro broth dilution technique. The stock solution of synthesized CuO NPs at 2000 µg/mL concentration was freshly prepared, and serial dilutions were done for primary and secondary screening. The serial dilutions from the stock solution were made using Mueller–Hinton broth. In preliminary screening, 1000, 500, and 250 µg/mL concentrations of the synthesized nanoparticles were taken. The active synthesized CuO NPs were further tested in the second set of dilutions (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.250 µg/mL) against all microorganisms in secondary screening. The microtiter plates were incubated at 37 °C overnight. The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial agent that inhibits the visible growth of a microorganism after overnight incubation is known as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
Evaluation of antioxidation, regulation of glycolipid metabolism and potential as food additives of exopolysaccharide from Sporidiobolus pararoseus PFY-Z1
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Di Xue, Fangyi Pei, Henan Liu, Zhenyan Liu, Yuchao Liu, Lei Qin, Yinzhuo Xie, Changli Wang
The antibacterial activities of pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis CICC 10275, Streptococcus pyogenes CICC 10373, Staphylococcus aureus CICC 10384, Escherichia coli CICC 10389, Klebsiella Pneumoniae CICC 10870, Bacillus cereus CICC 21261, Salmonella infantis CICC 21482, Salmonella enteritidis CICC 21513, Proteus mirabilis CICC 21516, Vibrio parahemolyticus CICC 21617, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CICC 21636, Rhodococcus equi CICC 22955, Enterococcus faecalis CICC 23658, and Shigella dysenteriae CICC 23829) of SPZ were determined using the Oxford cup method. The SPZ solution (2 mg/mL) was added to the well, which was incubated at 30 °C for 24 h; we then measured the diameter of the inhibition zone.[25,33,34]
Ozone Gas and Ozonized Sunflower Oil as Alternative Therapies against Pythium Insidiosum Isolated from Dogs
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2022
Bruna N. Carrijo, Regina H. Pires, Guilherme B. Costa, Francine G. Guiotto, Viviani S. Rodrigues, Jair C. Ferreira
The source of O3 gas, air, or pure O2, used for the commercial production of ozonized vegetable oils, does not compromise their bactericidal activity (Díaz et al. 2012). In particular, ozonized sunflower oil has bactericidal action against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, and multiple species of Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and mycobacteria (Hernández et al. 2009; Sechi et al. 2001; Serio et al. 2017). Moreover, the topical use of ozonized vegetable oils is clinically effective and safe for the treatment of skin infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria (Song et al. 2017). Similarly, sunflower oil enriched with O3 inhibits the growth and sporulation of recurrent dermatophytes in domestic animals (Ouf et al. 2016) and improves the clinical aspects of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis (Tara et al. 2016).