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Conducting Polymer-Based Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Conducting Polymers, 2022
Murugan Prasathkumar, Chenthamara Dhrisya, Salim Anisha, Robert Becky, Subramaniam Sadhasivam
Skin is the largest organ in the human body and covers a distance of 1.8–2.0 m2 and is composed of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis contains stem cells, and it will induce self-regeneration once the wound occurred. A severe wound or burns result in a chronic or nonhealing wound with delayed recovery, and the loss of full skin more than 4-cm diameter needs skin grafting. Surgical options are limited due to the lack of donors, and foreign grafts often exert immune rejection and infection. Hence, tissue-engineered skin substitutes are recommended to overcome the drawbacks. The skin was the first organ that went from laboratory research to patient care among the various engineered organs. Tissue engineering is rapidly evolving to find a better skin substitute that can be efficiently used for clinical applications [21].
Skin Tissue Engineering: Past, Present, and Perspectives
Published in Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Tissue Engineering, 2022
Sinem Selvin Selvi, Merve Erginer Hasköylü, Ebru Toksoy Öner
Skin grafting techniques such as autografting, allografting, and xenografting are used widely for wound healing studies. Autologous skin grafting technique is a treatment method of wounds by patient’s own skin tissue that includes full epidermis and partial dermis shaved from donor site (generally inner tights or buttocks) using dermatome and placed on damaged site (Akan et al., 2003). This method is recommended for the deep dermal wounds that heal slowly and is called as clinical gold standard for full-thickness recovery (Groeber et al., 2011; Janeway et al., 2001). Even though no immune rejection risk occurs in this method, donor site is also another wound and comprises infection risk and extends hospital stay and recovery. Wound healing also depends on the thickness of dermis shaved. In conclusion, this method fails to satisfy treatment on deeper and larger wounds (Iqbal et al., 2018; Vig et al., 2017). Allografts are in use since World War II and this method includes cadaveric or viable tissue transfer from donors among same species and commonly used for burn treatment worldwide. Cadavers are stored frozen to use in need, thus suitable for skin banking.
Diagnosis support system for skin grafting using GrowCut with an automated seed selection
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Kodai Ezaki, Soichiro Kato, Yoshihiro Yamaguchi, Toshiyuki Tanaka
Skin grafting is the definitive treatment for closing deep burn wounds and for saving the lives of patients with extensive burns. Early wound closure with the use of skin grafts reduces the incidence of complications and sequelae, and improves the lifesaving rate (McDougal et al. 1978). In skin grafting, once the injured skin has been removed, it is harvested from an uninjured, healthy part, and transplanted to the injured area. When the graft area is large, a patch or mesh grafting is used to obtain a large graft area with a small amount of skin. Observations of skin graft expansion are expressed solely based on the subjective terms of the examining physician. Quantitative evaluation of the effects of treatment and the state of progress is not extensively available because of the continued lack of indicators for the quantitative evaluation of objective values.
Skin-textiles friction: importance and prospects in skin comfort and in healthcare in prevention of skin injuries
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Ruksana Baby, Kavita Mathur, Emiel DenHartog
Alike decubitus ulcers patients, patients with burn injury undergoing skin grafting face similar risks due to friction and shear caused by healthcare textiles. Skin grafting involves the transplantation of skin and is required to ensure healing deep burns (Whale et al., 2018). Attachment of skin grafts to the wound often can take more than 21days to heal. Rubbing or stretching the skin can cause friction and shear between dressing and bed sheets and therefore graft loss in consequence. Such failure triggers further surgery taking skin from another part of the body, development of decubitus ulcers, distress to the patients with increased scars, longer hospital stays, and higher treatment costs for the National Health Service (NHS) (Whale et al., 2018; Andersson et al., 2010; Department of Health, 2012). A low-friction bedding was reported in a feasibility study as a promising alternative to standard cotton sheets for patients with burns and those at risk of pressure sores that offered comfort to patients with reduced pain and itching although both the patients and the staff agreed on the slipperiness, difficulties in use and increased workload (Whale et al., 2018).