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Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang, Our Animal Connection, 2020
Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang
As to today’s medical practice, there is already one area, namely bone grafts, where the bones of pigs are utilized in a clinically approved way. Bone grafts can be done in different ways, namely Autografts: graft material harvested from the patient’s own body. However, failure rates are high due to bone loss: the transplanted bone may not survive in the new body location.Allografts: bone graft material taken from another human, from a tissue bank. However, people donating their bone may carry a disease.Xenograft: bone graft material comes from another species such as bovine (cow) or porcine (pig) bone. The inorganic part of the bone is used as a scaffold, leading to minimal risk for complications.Alloplast: bone graft material that is synthetic, typically based on resins, hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate, and other minerals that allow patient’s bone to regenerate.
Polymer Materials for Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Iriczalli Cruz Maya, Vincenzo Guarino
The oral and maxillofacial regions are complex areas since they are composed of different tissues. These regions can be affected by abroad range of pathologies, congenital defects, oncologic resection, trauma and infections (Susarla et al. 2011). The current strategies involve the use of allogenic, xenogeneic and autogenic grafts (Wang et al. 2005). However, there are drawbacks regarding the graft rejection, transmission of diseases and infection causing regeneration failure. Moreover, the complexity of cranio-maxillofacial tissues is a challenge due to the interactions between different types of tissues, including epithelium, mineralized and non-mineralized connective tissues (Bartold et al. 2000; Aurrekoetxea et al. 2015). Researchers focused on the study of new strategies based on the basic principle of tissue engineering—which means the use of cells, scaffolds and bioactive molecules to regenerate damaged tissues.
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Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Our Animal Connection, 2019
As to today’s medical practice, there is already one area, namely bone grafts, where the bones of pigs are utilized in a clinically approved way. Bone grafts can be done in different ways, namely Autografts: graft material harvested from the patient’s own body. However, failure rates are high due to bone loss: the transplanted bone may not survive in the new body location.Allografts: bone graft material taken from another human, from a tissue bank. However, people donating their bone may carry a disease.Xenograft: bone graft material comes from another species such as bovine (cow) or porcine (pig) bone. The inorganic part of the bone is used as a scaffold, leading to minimal risk for complications.Alloplast: bone graft material that is synthetic, typically based on resins, hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate, and other minerals that allow patient’s bone to regenerate.
An overview of translational research in bone graft biomaterials
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Vijay Shankar Kumawat, Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh, Subrata Bandhu Ghosh
Bone grafts are implantable biomaterials that support and promote bone healing in tissue regeneration and augmentation [35]. These graft materials are usually characterised by four properties namely, osteogenesis, osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and osteointegration [70]. The ability of a bone transplant to make new bone tissues by promoting osteogenic-precursor cells present in either the graft material or the recipient bone is referred to as osteogenesis. The ability to recruit multipotent-mesenchymal cells from surrounding host bone tissue and promote them to differentiate as osteoblasts is referred to as osteoinduction [71,72]. Osteoconduction describes the ability of a bone graft to act as a permanent and resorbable graft to facilitate bone ingrowth over its surface, within its extracellular matrix, or both. The capacity to chemically connect to the surface of bone in the lack of an intermediate layer of fibrous connective tissue is referred to as osteointegration [72,73]. Bone grafts are usually categorised into two major groups namely: natural bone grafts and synthetic bone grafts.
Skin-textiles friction: importance and prospects in skin comfort and in healthcare in prevention of skin injuries
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Ruksana Baby, Kavita Mathur, Emiel DenHartog
Alike decubitus ulcers patients, patients with burn injury undergoing skin grafting face similar risks due to friction and shear caused by healthcare textiles. Skin grafting involves the transplantation of skin and is required to ensure healing deep burns (Whale et al., 2018). Attachment of skin grafts to the wound often can take more than 21days to heal. Rubbing or stretching the skin can cause friction and shear between dressing and bed sheets and therefore graft loss in consequence. Such failure triggers further surgery taking skin from another part of the body, development of decubitus ulcers, distress to the patients with increased scars, longer hospital stays, and higher treatment costs for the National Health Service (NHS) (Whale et al., 2018; Andersson et al., 2010; Department of Health, 2012). A low-friction bedding was reported in a feasibility study as a promising alternative to standard cotton sheets for patients with burns and those at risk of pressure sores that offered comfort to patients with reduced pain and itching although both the patients and the staff agreed on the slipperiness, difficulties in use and increased workload (Whale et al., 2018).
Strontium and selenium doped bioceramics incorporated polyacrylamide-carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel scaffolds: mimicking key features of bone regeneration
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2021
Nonita Sarin, Mallesh Kurakula, K.J. Singh, Anuj Kumar, Davinder Singh, Saroj Arora
Bone tissue regeneration is one of the most prominent medical research areas looking for solutions due to widespread people carrying bone defects and disorders. In this modern era, the increase in the alarming rates of localized bone and tissue disorders, osteoporosis, congenital defects, traumatic injuries, and organ failure make an urgent call for tissue engineering. Tissue engineering revolutionizes the traditional approach of bone grafting. There are various drawbacks associated with grafts, such as donor morbidity, the transmission of disease, and limited availability. To overcome these problems, tremendous efforts for bone tissue repair strategies have been undertaken to develop promising synthetic scaffolds which mimic the body tissue environment and these must be bio-functional, porous, and should be able to provide osteoblast cell adhesion. The idea of designing an implant material for successful implication in the orthopedic field has always been a mystery but the emerging bone tissue regeneration field brings global developments in this area [1,2].