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Parenteral Drug Administration: Routes of Administration and Devices
Published in Sandeep Nema, John D. Ludwig, Parenteral Medications, 2019
Himanshu Bhattacharjee, Vivian Loveless, Laura A. Thoma
The intra-abdominal route of administration can cause a serious abdominal infection (peritonitis) and hemorrhage. The source of infection may be extrinsic (e.g., from skin or contaminated drugs) or intrinsic (e.g., from puncture of the bowel). The risk of infection is enhanced if an indwelling catheter, rather than a single injection using a sterile needle, is utilized. Such infections are particularly difficult to treat, especially in the presence of ascites; thus, every precaution should be taken to prevent them. In addition, an aseptic peritonitis may be induced if the agent or fluid injected is highly irritable or contains endotoxins. The chance of inducing hemorrhage is generally related to the size of the needle employed, the anatomical site selected for injection, the skill of the physician or technologist, and any tendencies of the patient to bleed (i.e., coagulation problems). If hemorrhage is induced, it may be difficult to control and may require surgical intervention and repair.
Biological Terrorist Agents
Published in Robert A. Burke, Counter-Terrorism for Emergency Responders, 2017
Symptoms of Ebola include: Fever.Severe headache.Muscle pain.Weakness.Fatigue.Diarrhea.Vomiting.Abdominal (stomach) pain.Unexplained hemorrhage (bleeding or bruising).Symptoms may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after exposure to Ebola, but the average is 8–10 days. Recovery from Ebola depends on good supportive clinical care and the patient's immune response. People who recover from Ebola infection develop antibodies that last for at least 10 years.
Intraoperative Infrared Optical Imaging in Neurosurgery
Published in Yu Chen, Babak Kateb, Neurophotonics and Brain Mapping, 2017
Michael E. Wolf, Richard P. Menger, Osama Ahmed, Shahdad Sherkat, Babak Kateb
The current gold standard for the diagnosis of aneurysms and the evaluation of treated aneurysms is DSA, whereby images are compiled prior to and following the injection of contrast agents to “subtract” noncontrasted tissues. This requires access to the arterial systems of a patient, generally through the femoral artery. This procedure is not without risks; however, complication rates range from 0.4% to 2.6% (Raabe et al. 2005). Complications may include local site hematoma, dissection, stroke, aneurysm rupture, or hemorrhage. Furthermore, this procedure dramatically increases operative time through repositioning, cannulation, and imaging of the patient through cumbersome equipment. A new and separate puncture incision requires the preoperative coordination of neurointerventionalists, radiology technicians, and nursing. It also requires a completely different set of technologies in the operating room, including biplanar fluoroscopy.
Incorporation of tissue factor-integrated liposome and silica nanoparticle into collagen hydrogel as a promising hemostatic system
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Zhuang Shi, Chengcheng Shi, Chengkun Liu, Haiyan Sun, Sihan Ai, Xiaodan Liu, Haoyu Wang, Yunsong Gan, Huajie Dai, Xiaoqiang Wang, Fang Huang
Hemorrhage due to traumatic injury, surgical operation or drug-induced coagulation disorder can lead to severe tissue morbidities and mortalities [1–3]. It has been reported that nearly 90% of deaths on the battlefield are caused by hemorrhage [4]. Rapid stoppage of bleeding (hemostasis) is the key to reducing hemorrhage-related casualties.