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Fire Hazards and Associated Terminology
Published in Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury, Flame Retardants for Textile Materials, 2020
A burn is an injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily caused by heat radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction, or contact with chemicals. Thermal (heat) burns occur when some or all of the cells in the skin or other tissues are destroyed by: Hot liquids (scalds),Hot solids (contact burns), orFlames (flame burns).Burns are a global public health problem, accounting for an estimated 180,000 deaths annually. The majority of these occur in low- and middle-income countries and almost two thirds occur in Africa and Southeast Asia.
Discrimination of Healthy Skin, Superficial Epidermal Burns, and Full-Thickness Burns from 2D-Colored Images Using Machine Learning
Published in Qurban A. Memon, Shakeel Ahmed Khoja, Data Science, 2019
Aliyu Abubakar, Hassan Ugail, Ali Maina Bukar, Kirsty M. Smith
According to WHO “burn is an injury caused by heat (hot objects, gases, or flames), chemicals, electricity and lightening, friction, or radiation” [9]. It is an injury that damages the body tissues, affecting people of different ages. It is one of the most disturbing injuries in the world affecting children and adults, though children are affected in most cases.
First Aid and Ambulance Work
Published in Debi Prasad Tripathy, Mine Safety Science and Engineering, 2019
A burn is damage to the skin or other tissues caused by contact with chemicals, radiation, friction, cold, electricity, and heat. The common causes of burns in mines are fires, friction, electricity, and explosion. Based on the severity of the damage caused to the skin, burns are categorized in three main types, as shown in Figure 13.2.First degree burns (superficial): This type of burn involves only the outer layers of the skin, called the epidermis, leading to red and non-blistered skin. The burned area may swell and cause pain.Second degree burns (partial thickness): This type of burn involves both the epidermis and dermis, leading to red, blistered, and some thickening of the skin. The burned area swells and weeps fluid. These burns are usually painful.Third degree burns (full thickness): In this type of burn, the skin, along with the muscles, bones, blood vessels, and nerves are damaged. The color changes to brown or charred. The burned area appears leathery with widespread thickness appearing white.
Incidence and cost of non-fatal burns in Iran: a nationwide population-based study
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2018
Abolfazl Abouie, Payman Salamati, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Soheil Saadat, Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili, Vandad Sharifi, Ahmad Hajebi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
Injuries are among the leading global causes of death and disability. Worldwide burden of injuries is expected to rise in the next decade (Murray et al., 2012). Burns are one of the common type of injuries, and a major public health issue, at least in terms of long-term disability and morbidity worldwide, particularly in developing countries (Heimbach, 1999). A burn is an injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily caused by heat or due to radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction or contact with chemicals. Thermal (heat) burns occur when some or all of the cells in the skin or other tissues are destroyed by hot liquids (scalds), hot solids (contact burns), or flames (flame burns).(3 WHO: Burns Fact sheet N°365, 2014)
Assault burn injuries in adolescents and adults in South Africa: risk factors and characteristics
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2022
Ashley van Niekerk, Rajen Govender, David Kimemia
The following explanatory variables were employed:Burn Injury Type: Burn injury categories were aligned to ICD-9 convention. Only external burns were considered due to attendant information on burn severity. The three types of external burns were scalds, chemical burns and flame burns (Reference Category). Chemical burns comprise burns as a result of chemical agents such as acid, household detergents, solvents and similar compounds.Age Cohort: Age was entered into the analysis as a categorical variable comprising four cohorts as follows: adolescents/youth: 13–21 years, young adults: 22–39 years, mature adults: 40-54 years and older adults: 55 years and older (Reference Category).Sex: Sex was recorded as either male or female (Reference Category).Presence of Alcohol: The presence or absence of alcohol was based on reporting and/or observation at time of admission and measured as a binary categorical variable indicating Alcohol Present/Alcohol Not Present (Reference Category). The measure does not include information on prior history of use/abuse or related biomarker testing at admission or during hospitalisation.Body Part Affected: Body part affected refers to the area of the body which was affected by the burn injury. This was assessed from hospital records and recorded in four variables as follows:Head and Neck – the body area affected was the patient’s neck and headTrunk - the body area affected was the patient’s trunk, either front or backArms and Fingers - the body area affected was the patient’s arms, hands and fingersFeet and Legs – the body area affected was the patient’s feet, legs and toes.