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Calcium Electroporation – A Novel Treatment to Overcome Cancer-Mediated Immune Suppression
Published in Marko S. Markov, James T. Ryaby, Erik I. Waldorff, Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields for Clinical Applications, 2020
The importance of calcium channels in cancer is well established, but their role in CaEP has not yet been clarified. One would expect, for example, that PMCA and sodium–calcium exchanger (NCX) channels would be critical in the restoration of baseline calcium levels following treatment. Attempting to shed light on this matter, one study compared the effects of CaEP on a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RD) to a normal murine muscle cell line (C2C12), uncovering a somewhat paradoxical difference between normal and cancerous cells (Szewczyk et al., 2018). This study found that, in normal cells, an upregulation of the NCX with no change in PMCA following treatment, whereas a downregulation in both PMCA and NCX channels was observed following CaEP of the cancerous cells.
Herbs in Cancer Therapy
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Annum Malik, Shahzadi Sidra Saleem, Kifayat Ullah Shah, Learn-Han Lee, Bey Hing Goh, Tahir Mehmood Khan
Vinca alkaloids are extracted from Catharanthus roseus G. Don, the pink periwinkle plant. Vinblastine, vinorelbine, vincristine, and vindesine have currently been approved for their clinical use as anticancerous agents (Moudi et al. 2013). They exhibit cytotoxic effects by interacting with tubulin and interrupting the microtubule function, involving the spindle fiber assembly. This leads to metaphase arrest, causing cellular death (Himes and therapeutics 1991). They are used in combination chemotherapy regimens of testicular carcinoma, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, advanced lung cancer, acute leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma and Wilm’s tumor (Rowinsky and Donehower 1995).
Biological Imaging and Radiobiological Modeling for Treatment Planning and Response Assessment in Radiation Therapy
Published in Siyong Kim, John Wong, Advanced and Emerging Technologies in Radiation Oncology Physics, 2018
Vitali Moiseenko, Stephen R. Bowen, John P. Kirkpatrick, Robert Jeraj, Lawrence B. Marks
Biological imaging provides a set of quantitative tools to probe radiobiological properties that may influence the response to radiotherapy. Several clinical reports have successfully related tumor control to biological properties probed by functional imaging prior to or during radiotherapy, for example, in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (Ohri et al., 2015), rectal cancer (Joye et al., 2014), rhabdomyosarcoma (Casey et al., 2014), and cervical cancer (Mayr et al., 2012). These are only a few examples; overall, the literature strongly supports the premise that assessing tumor and normal tissue biological properties can predict treatment outcome, at least in some disease sites.
Toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties of sucralose-6-acetate and its parent sucralose: in vitro screening assays
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Susan S. Schiffman, Elizabeth H. Scholl, Terrence S. Furey, H. Troy Nagle
Three additional genes, SHMT2, ATF3 and carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST3), were also markedly expressed by sucralose-6-acetate with 81.23, 54.49, and 9.26-fold elevation relative to untreated control. SHMT2 encodes a key mitochondrial enzyme, serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2, that catalyzes the reaction of serine to glycine that is found in high concentrations in intestinal epithelial cells. SHMT2 initiates lymphoma development through epigenetic tumor suppressor silencing (Parsa et al. 2020), drives the progression of colorectal cancer (Cui et al. 2022; Liu et al. 2021), potentiates the aggressive process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (Zheng et al. 2022) and promotes tumorigenesis in rhabdomyosarcoma (Nguyen et al. 2021). ATF3 encodes a member of the mammalian activation transcription factor/cAMP responsive element-binding (CREB) protein family of transcription factors. ATF3 is a marker of oxidative stress (Ketola et al. 2012) and plays a role in modulation of metabolism, immunity, and oncogenesis (Yin et al. 2008; Ku and Cheng 2020). The carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST3) gene encodes an enzyme (chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase 1 or C6ST–1) that plays a role in the formation of chondroitin 6-sulfate (MedlinePlus 2023). Chondroitin 6-sulfate is involved in development and maintenance of the skeleton as well as naïve T lymphocytes (Uchimura et al. 2002). Chondroitin 6-sulfate expression is upregulated in human glioma cells, and this upregulation is correlated with glioma malignancy (Pan et al. 2020).
Phytochemical and biological characterization of aqueous extract of Vassobia breviflora on proliferation and viability of melanoma cells: involvement of purinergic pathway
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2023
Altevir Rossato Viana, Nathieli Bianchin Bottari, Vinícius Rodrigues Oviedo, Daniel Santos, James Eduardo Lago Londero, Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger, Erico Marlon Moraes Flores, Aline Pigatto, André Passaglia Schuch, Alexandre Krause, Luciana Maria Fontanari Krause
Maliyakkal et al. (2013) tested the hydroalcoholic extract of W. somnifera, showing a concentration -dependent effect, in agreement with our findings. The organic fraction of W. somnifera exhibited different IC50 in 3 tumor cell lines (mouse subcutaneous adipose L929Sa, human breast cancer MCF7, and human breast cancer MDA-MB-231), the last one was more resistant and needed 2 mg of extract to inhibit 50% of the cells in the study by Kaileh et al. (2007). Further, the aqueous extract of another species of the Solanaceae family, Nicotiana tabacum, required high concentrations to decrease the viability of tumor cell line human rhhabdomyosarcoma, an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, to study pediatric malignancies (Al-Asady, Ahmed, and Mustafa 2014).