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Long-Term Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Indications for Particle Therapy in Sarcomas
Published in Manjit Dosanjh, Jacques Bernier, Advances in Particle Therapy, 2018
Beate Timmermann, Stephanie E. Combs
Up to now, studies on particle therapy in sarcomatous tumours were predominantly retrospectively conducted and non-randomised. Relatively small cohorts and short follow-up periods, usually not exceeding five years, are limiting the evidence for PBT and other charged particles. However, despite high doses, large volume and critical sites, particle therapy was proven to be both effective and feasible. Therefore, particle therapy will continue to be an important tool in the arsenal of multidisciplinary treatment concepts for difficult sarcoma cases. Future research with large prospective clinical trials and international registries will help to gain more evidence.
Miscellaneous procedures
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Sarcomas are a group of malignant tumours arising from the soft tissues that are typically low signal intensity on T1- and intermediate to high signal on T2-weighted imaging. Sarcomas may appear heterogeneous, with high signal cystic components and low signal haemorrhagic or calcified components on STIR or T2-weighted sequences. Sarcomas are characterised by histology [17; 18]. Contrast enhancement may be useful to identify the tumour margins from surrounding oedema, which may be isointense to the lesion on T2- or STIR-weighted imaging [17; 18].
Introduction to Cancer
Published in Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava, Recent Advances in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy, 2022
Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava
Cancer that arises in connective tissues such as muscle, cartilage, chondrosarcoma, etc., is called a sarcoma (Le Cesne et al., 2015; Taieb et al., 2015; Ballinger et al., 2016; Benson et al., 2016; Ramlawi et al., 2016; Smith et al., 2016; Dancsok et al., 2017).
A K-Means-Galactic Swarm Optimization-Based Clustering Algorithm with Otsu’s Entropy for Brain Tumor Detection
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2019
Satyasai Jagannath Nanda, Ishank Gulati, Rajat Chauhan, Rahul Modi, Uttam Dhaked
The proposed algorithms are tested on T2 weighted images with five types of brain tumor obtained from The Whole Brain Atlas Johnson and Becker (1999) Glioma: It is a kind of tumor that is mainly localized in brain and caused by glial cells. The tumor is generated due to three types of normal glial cells namely astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells. Two techniques detect glioma-type tumors. Glioma fdg-PET: Glioma fdg-PET is an imaging technique for the detection of brain tumors. FDG(Fluoro-D-glucose) is a chemical that reacts with biologically active molecules inside the body and thus produces positron-radionuclide. The gamma rays are emitted by the positron-emitting radionuclide(tracer) PET(Positron emission tomography) detects the gamma rays emitted by the biologically active molecules and it forms the 2-d and 3-d images of the tracer concentration inside the human body.Glioma titc-SPECT: Spet(Single-photon emission control tomography) or spect imaging requires a gamma-emitting radioisotope (radionuclide) which is injected into the body by the bloodstream. Gamma camera is used to acquire multiple 2-d images from different angles in inSpect imaging technique.Metastatic Adenocarcinoma: It is a type of tumor that spreads from one part of the body to other regions. These cancer cells travel through the bloodstream to other parts of body after getting detached from the main tumor. Once in the blood, they infect other organs of the body. Most of the cells die how so ever few of them settle and again starts to grow as a new tumor in various parts of the body.Metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma: It is a malignant new growth composed of epithelial cells which infiltrate other tissues and give rise to metastases.Sarcoma: It is a Cancerous tumor which arises in the connective tissues. Normal connective tissue includes fat, nerves, blood, cartilage, muscles, deep skin tissues, bones, and vessels. Sarcomas are categorized into two groups, bone sarcomas, and soft tissue sarcomas. They are hard to detect as it can grow in any part of the body Kandwal and Kumar (2014). The symptoms are formation of a painless lump. With the growth of lump, nerves or muscles are pressed and this makes person uncomfortable or give trouble in breathing Bandyopadhyay (2011)-Kharrat et al. (2009).