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A Study on Feature Extraction and Classification Techniques for Melanoma Detection
Published in P. Madhumathy, M. Vinoth Kumar, R. Umamaheswari, Machine Learning and IoT for Intelligent Systems and Smart Applications, 2021
S. Poovizhi, T. R. Ganesh Babu, R. Praveena, J. Kirubakaran
The two major types of skin cancers are Melanoma and Non-Melanoma. Melanoma arises from malignant melanocytic cells of the epidermis and this cell produce melanin pigment which decides the color of the skin. The malignant melanocytic cells grow abnormally and invade other skin cells forming a big mass of cells called the tumor. Early detection and treatment profoundly lead to prognosis of the disease. With many skin imaging techniques developed in recent years for assisting dermatologists to detect the melanoma, some of the techniques are (i) Total Body Photograph [2] (ii) Ultrasonography [3] (iii) Epiluminescence Microscopy [4] (iv) Cross Polarization Epiluminescence and (v) Optical Coherence Tomography. Dermatologists use noninvasive methods [5] like dermoscopic and macroscopic methods to identify melanoma in dermoscopic images. Dermoscopy provides better diagnosis as compared to that with the naked eye [6,7].
Perspectives on Physical Oncology and Future Directions
Published in Vittorio Cristini, Eugene J. Koay, Zhihui Wang, An Introduction to Physical Oncology, 2017
Vittorio Cristini, Eugene J. Koay, Zhihui Wang
We have endeavored a multifaceted approach to tackle the major challenges facing oncology. With immunotherapy, we are developing quantitative methods to noninvasively assess the immunological microenvironment of lung cancer, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer. We are coupling these efforts with clinical trials of immunotherapy. Here, we anticipate that combining our physical measurements with biological assessments of immunological properties of cancer will be critical to improving the treatment efficacy of various immunotherapies, including vaccines and checkpoint blockade. Additionally, we are taking our initial findings with cytotoxic therapies like chemotherapy and radiotherapy in colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer to the next steps through ongoing trials at MD Anderson Cancer Center and elsewhere. For example, we are developing new imaging techniques with MRI in pancreatic cancer to measure additional physical properties of these tumors and identify how these properties further differentiate aggressive from less aggressive disease beyond our current computed tomography–based measurements. These insights will allow us to stratify patients into different prognostic groups, and by doing so, we can make informed decisions about how to treat these patients.
Pulmonary complications of solid-organ transplantation
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
The incidence of BOS is greatest within the first 2 years but the risk remains considerable and steady beyond this time point. Onset of disease is typically insidious but may be abrupt in more aggressive cases. Dyspnoea, cough and recurrent bouts of purulent tracheobronchitis, with recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from sputum cultures, are highly characteristic features. While chest radiographs are usually unremarkable, HRCT reveals evidence of air trapping on expiratory images in the majority of patients and evidence of bronchiectasis in some. Progressive airflow obstruction is the rule, though the pace of decline is highly variable and the course may be interrupted by periods of functional stability. The prognosis is generally poor, with a 40 per cent mortality rate within 2 years of onset.85 Patients with early-onset of BOS (i.e. within the first 3 years) appear to experience more rapid decline in lung function and higher mortality.
Deep learning of brain lesion patterns and user-defined clinical and MRI features for predicting conversion to multiple sclerosis from clinically isolated syndrome
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2019
Youngjin Yoo, Lisa Y. W. Tang, David K. B. Li, Luanne Metz, Shannon Kolind, Anthony L. Traboulsee, Roger C. Tam
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder characterised by inflammation, demyelination and degeneration in the central nervous system. There is increasing evidence that early detection and intervention can improve long-term prognosis. However, the disease course of MS is highly variable, especially in its early stages, and it is difficult to predict which patients would progress more quickly and therefore benefit from more proactive treatment. The McDonald criteria (Polman et al. 2005, 2011), which are a combination of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicators of disease activity, facilitate the diagnosis of MS in patients who present early symptoms suggestive of MS.