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Machine Learning Based Hospital-Acquired Infection Control System
Published in Shampa Sen, Leonid Datta, Sayak Mitra, Machine Learning and IoT, 2018
Sehaj Sharma, Prajit Kumar Datta, Gaurav Bansal
This is the most commonly contracted NI [4]. Urinary transmitted infections (UTI) account for up to 13% or more of all reported NI's. CAUTIs are usually caused by bacteria native to the patient's urinal tract. In normal circumstances, this bacteria is flushed out by the flow of urine. However, catheters have imperfect drainage of urine and create the perfect environment for bacteria to flourish. This can develop into several diseases like orchitis, epididymitis, and prostatitis in males, and pyelonephritis, cystitis, and meningitis in all patients [1]. The two types of CAUTI are [17]: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB): Asymptomatic bacteriuria refers to bacteria in the urine at levels often regarded as clinically consequential (>100 000 colony composing units per milliliter of urine) in patients with no symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection. It becomes more prevalent with age. This situation is almost universal with catheterized patients [18].Symptomatic urinary tract infection [17]: Alongside asymptomatic bacteriuria, a patient suffering from symptomatic UTI will also suffer from high fever.Bacterimia [17]: Less than 3% of patients suffering from ASB progress into bacterimia. It is a bloodstream infection and can cause mortality on a few occasions.
Surface modification of ureteral stents: development history, classification, function, and future developments
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Kaiguo Xia, Xudong Shen, Xiaojie Ang, Bingbing Hou, Yang Chen, Kaiping Zhang, Zongyao Hao
Ureteral stents can cause bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus colonies, and other microbes to adsorb on the stent surface to form biofilm within minutes, and prolonged placement can lead to an increase in the adsorbed bacteria, resulting in the shedding of some bacteria and causing bacteriuria, and an increase in the exotoxin secreted by bacteria, which then induces stent-related urinary tract infections [54,55]. Therefore, how to reduce the formation of biofilm on the surface of stents and reduce stent-related urinary tract infections has been a research hotspot of many scholars. Some scholars have studied adding related coatings on the surface of stents to play a bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect and reduce the probability of urinary tract infections. Previous studies of antimicrobial-coated stents are shown in Table 2.