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kil Gene
Published in Yoshikatsu Murooka, Tadayuki Imanaka, Recombinant Microbes for Industrial and Agricultural Applications, 2020
Bacillus subtilis can produce many kinds of extracellular enzymes in its culture medium. However, in this microorganism, few stable host-vector systems are available for industrial production, and recombinant DNA products are sometimes hydrolyzed by host protineases. Another potential host for industrial production is yeast, but yeast technology is not yet fully developed. Escherichia coli is widely used in molecular biology experiments because it has been extensively studied and much is known about its genetics and biochemistry. Unfortunately, with the exception of a few proteins, such as colicins [1], cloacin [2], and hemolysin [3], E. coli does not secrete proteins from the cell. If E. coli could secrete recombinant DNA products, it would be of interest from an industrial point of view.
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Published in Maria Csuros, Csaba Csuros, Klara Ver, Microbiological Examination of Water and Wastewater, 2018
Maria Csuros, Csaba Csuros, Klara Ver
Water is usually tested for fecal contamination by isolating Escherichia coli from the water sample. Escherichia coli or E. coli is called an indicator organism because it is a natural inhabitant of the human digestive tract. Its presence indicates that the water is contaminated with fecal material
Case Study Description
Published in Maria Fernanda Reyes Perez, Water Supply and Demand Management in the lápagos: A Case Study of Santa Cruz Island, 2017
Unfortunately, the municipal water supply system cannot cope with the current demographic expansion. Among the numerous reasons are financial constraints, lack of personnel and fixed tariff structures as a foundation of the water billing system (Sarango 2013). Also, the volcanic nature of the soil makes expansion of water supply network extremely difficult. Due to these constraints, water is perceived as scarce and the service as poor (Guyot-Tephiane 2012). The water distributed through piped networks has no treatment and is of very low quality. The high concentration of chloride (from 800-1200 mg/L) makes it brackish and not suitable for human consumption. Also, the lack of water metering in the town of Puerto Ayora contributes to unknown water quantities and high water wastage. Several studies have confirmed contamination by Escherichia Coli and many water related diseases have been reported (Liu 2011). The aged and unreliable water distribution networks also contribute to the contamination problem. Moreover, the water supply system is intermittent and this has influenced inhabitants to build their own water storage in form of cisterns and elevated tanks. In fact, the roots of these problems seem to be deeper and refer to technical shortcomings as well as issues such as decentralized water supply, lack of consumer’s awareness of water conservation and inadequate tariff structure.
Production of highly soluble native human paraoxonase 2 with potential anti-biofilm property
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Fauzia Parween, Priyamedha Yadav, Kalyani Singh, Rinkoo Devi Gupta
Major requirements for the development of a microbial enzyme for its anti-biofilm property are its soluble expression, low immunogenicity, high efficiency, and yield with low cost of production. Biopharmaceutical productions frequently use Escherichia coli (E. coli) as protein expression systems because of its low cost and rapid production as well as convenient handling and disposal.[16] However, it can lead to the production of insoluble inclusion bodies (IBs) due to heterogeneous expression, which poses a major challenge to retrieving the biologically active target proteins.[17] In this study, the native form of HuPON2 is solubilized using a different combination of buffers, including mild solubilization and refolding method which solubilize the IB while retaining their native structure.[18]
Graphene-based composites for biomedical applications
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2022
Selsabil Rokia Laraba, Wei Luo, Amine Rezzoug, Qurat ul ain Zahra, Shihao Zhang, Bozhen Wu, Wen Chen, Lan Xiao, Yuhao Yang, Jie Wei, Yulin Li
Bacteria are at the base of trophic chains in the environment, participating in many phases of the nutrient cycle, and have complicated relationships with other creatures, therefore studying their impact on bacteria is critical. Compared to other biological systems, the effects of GBCs on bacteria have been extensively researched. Escherichia coli is the most often used laboratory model. The reported toxicity toward E. coli and other bacteria has been linked to direct interaction between GBCs and bacteria in several investigations. The antibacterial activity of four different GBCs (graphite, GO, and rGO) against E. coli was studied (138). GO dispersions, followed by rGO, graphite oxide, and graphite showed the best antibacterial action. The physical contact between microbes and carbon-based nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, GO, and fullerene) influenced cell membrane, metabolic activities, and microbe shape (139). Alayande et al. (140) suggested that graphene and GO nanosheets can cause the inner and outer cell membranes of E. coli to degrade using both experimental and theoretical (modeling) techniques. The strength of E. coli is thereby diminished. Reduction and hydration techniques are used to create a GO library with diverse amounts of hydroxyl, oxidation, and carbon radicals to estimate the influence on antibacterial activity in a more recent work (141).
Drinking water delivery in the outer Torres Strait Islands: A case study addressing sustainable water issues in remote Indigenous communities
Published in Australasian Journal of Water Resources, 2021
Nina L. Hall, Heidi Grodecki, Greg Jackson, Carroll Go Sam, Brad Milligan, Chris Blake, Toni Veronese, Linda Selvey
During the period 2009 to 2016, TSIRC reported 48 drinking water quality incidents to the Department of Water (TPHS 2017a). Incidents primarily concerned the detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in routine treated drinking water samples- an indicator of contamination of the water by potentially harmful bacteria. When E. coli incidents occur the drinking water service provider must report the incident to regulators and commence an investigation and, in many circumstances, a boil water alert (BWA) will be issued. Upon review, in late 2016, the Queensland Health Department’s Tropical Public Health Services (TPHS), located in Cairns in Far North Queensland, (Queensland Health) expressed concern at the number and duration of BWAs instituted for drinking water services operated by TSIRC. Some alerts had remained in place for over one year (Mosse 2016a, 2016b). That review revealed contributors to the water contamination included infrastructure-associated challenges but were not limited to technical challenges but indeed reflected complex interactions technical, climatic, social, and cultural factors (White and Falkland 2015). Additional aspects included water operators not having site-specific training and knowledge; and limited funding for capital upgrades, maintenance and repairs to equipment (Mosse 2016a, 2016b). These are similar shortcomings to other remote communities internationally, such as Canada (Thompson, Post, and McBean 2017; Foster and Willetts 2018) and the Pacific Islands (White and Falkland 2015)