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Paediatrics
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common indications for imaging in paediatrics. UTI is more common in young children. UTI in infants occurs with equal incidence in males and females and usually presents with signs of generalized sepsis including fever, vomiting and anorexia. In children older than six months, UTI is more common in females. Clinical presentation in these children is usually more specific for UTI with fever, frequency and dysuria. Flank pain may indicate pyelonephritis.
Urease inhibition and anti-leishmanial properties of Zn(II) complexes of thiophenyl and furyl-derived C 2-symmetric ligands
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Saira Nayab, Momin Khan, Yerim Cho, Hyosun Lee
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a pathogenic bacterium that resides in the stomach, is considered one of the major microbes responsible for gastrointestinal diseases [1–3]. H. pylori releases a large amount of urease, a binuclear nickel-containing metalloenzyme that catalyzes urea decomposition into ammonia and carbon dioxide; it is normally found in bacteria, plants, and soil [4–6]. This rapid decomposition of urea has an adverse effect on animals, plant life, and human beings [7]. For instance, rapid urea decomposition has been linked to several disorders, including peptic ulcers, stomach cancer, gastric infections, kidney stone formation, and pyelonephritis in humans, while broader environmental consequences include soil pH destabilization, ammonia volatilization, and damage to plant roots [8–10]. Urease inhibitors (i.e. proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), including synthetic organic compounds, plant extracts, and metal complexes) have commonly been used to control the activity of H. pylori by inhibiting the secretion of excess urease [11]. Despite the successful execution of triple therapy for the treatment of H. Pylori infections, excessive use of inhibitors such as esomeprazole, omeprazole, and rabeprazole has engendered challenges with antibiotic resistance while also being associated with severe side effects such as kidney and liver failure [12–18]. Therefore, alternative strategies for the development of more effective PPIs/urease inhibitors possessing enhanced biocompatibility and less cytotoxicity are of utmost importance [11].
A centipede like thiocyanate-bridged muti-nuclear copper(I/II) complex derived from 2-(((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)imino)methyl)-5-fluorophenol with urease inhibitory activity
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Xinhui Feng, Wenlong Wu, Yuqing Gu, Li Zhang, Shiyi Wang, Jie Zhao, Jing Ji, Dahua Shi, Zhonglu You
Urease (amidohydrolase; EC 3.5.1.5) is widely found in most organisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, as well as in soil. Urease enzyme of Jack bean is a nickel-containing enzyme, which was first crystallized in 1926. The hydrolysis of urea to ammonia by the catalytic reaction of urease has a rate 1014 times faster than that without urease. High concentration of NH3 released during the decomposition of urea causes a significant increase in pH, thus increasing the alkalinity of soil, which leads to damage of the plants by depriving them from their essential nutrients [25, 26]. Moreover, urease plays a vital role in many pathogenic processes in humans and animals. It showed a major role in urinary catheter incrustation, peptic ulceration, pyelonephritis, kidney stone, hepatic encephalopathy, urolithiasis, and arthritis [27, 28]. A good way to control the activity of urease with inhibitors [29, 30]. Although many urease inhibitors have been described over the past decades, a large number of them were prevented from being used because of their low inhibition efficiency [31, 32]. We have reported a number of Schiff base complexes as urease inhibitors. Among them, copper complexes show prominent activities [33–36]. To construct interesting thiocyanate-bridged Schiff base complexes, and to explore new urease inhibitors, in the present work, a new thiocyanate-bridged multi-nuclear copper(I/II) complex, [Cu2L(CH3OH)(NCS)3]n, derived from 2-(((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)imino)methyl)-5-fluorophenol (HL), is presented.
Deep learning approach on tabular data to predict early-onset neonatal sepsis
Published in Journal of Information and Telecommunication, 2021
Redwan Hasif Alvi, Md. Habibur Rahman, Adib Al Shaeed Khan, Rashedur M. Rahman
Neonatal sepsis is a form of blood infection that affects neonates under 28 days of age. Neonatal sepsis is classified into two classes: early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS). Early-onset sepsis corresponds to infants at or before 72 h or birth, while late-onset sepsis corresponds to infants affected by neonatal sepsis after the 72 h mark (Singh et al., 2020). Specifically, it is related to the occurrence of bacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) in a newborn baby (such as pyelonephritis, meningitis, gastroenteritis, or pneumonia) in fever environment.