China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Kidney Structure and Physiology
Published in Joseph D. Bronzino, Donald R. Peterson, Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals, 2019
Joel M. Henderson and Mostafa Belghasem
Urinalysis is the assessment of the composition of the urine. Many parameters are routinely measured, including protein concentration, specic gravity (dimensionless ratio of the density of urine to the density of pure water, and representing solute concentration), osmolality (osmotically active solute concentration), presence of blood (hematuria), evidence of bacterial infection, presence of expelled material, including crystals and tubular “casts,” and concentrations of molecules and ions modulated by the kidney (sodium, potassium, and creatinine). ese parameters may indicate abnormalities in the glomerular or tubular function, or provide direct evidence of a specic disease process. Urinalysis may be performed on a “spot” sample (collected at one instance in time) or on a sample of all urine excreted over 24 h. e latter is used specically to measure protein excretion, since protein levels may vary in spot samples throughout the day.
Perceived effects of cannabis: Generalizability of changes in driving performance
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2022
Thomas S. Burt, Timothy L. Brown, Rose Schmitt, Daniel McGehee, Gary Milavetz, Gary Gaffney, Chris Berka
Dosing sessions were separated by a minimum of 4 days to accommodate drug washout. Sessions began with verification of continued eligibility (urinalysis screening, intake questionnaire) followed by a baseline blood sample, after which, electroencephalographic data were collected using the B-Alert X-24 system, but these data are not discussed as part of this article. After application of the device, dosing began. After dosing, subjects completed subjective assessments before proceeding to a computerized neurocognitive testbed (results not discussed as part of this article). Subsequently, another blood sample was collected, subjective assessments were completed, and the subject completed a simulated drive consisting of 3 different environments: Urban, interstate, and rural. A final blood sample and subjective assessments were collected after the drive.
Perceived effects of cannabis and changes in driving performance under the influence of cannabis
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2021
Thomas S. Burt, Timothy L. Brown, Rose Schmitt, Daniel McGehee, Gary Milavetz, Gary R. Gaffney, Chris Berka
Dosing sessions were separated by a minimum of four days to accommodate drug washout. Sessions began with verification of continued eligibility (urinalysis screening, intake questionnaire) followed by a baseline blood sample. An EEG device was applied, and EEG data collected using the B-Alert X-24 system (Advanced Brain Monitoring, Inc, Carlsbad, CA), but is not discussed as part of this manuscript. After application of the device, dosing began. After dosing, subjects completed subjective assessments before proceeding to a computerized neurocognitive testbed (results not discussed as part of this manuscript). After the testbed, a blood sample was collected, subjective assessments were completed, and the subject completed a simulated drive. The simulated drive consisted of three different environments: interstate, urban, and rural. A final blood sample was collected after the drive. Table 1 provides more detail regarding the protocol for a dosing session (active cannabis or placebo).
Telemonitoring for hypertensive disease in pregnancy
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Asma Khalil, Helen Perry, Dorien Lanssens, Wilfried Gyselaers
It is highly likely that telemonitoring will become standard practice in the next five to ten years, at least in high-income countries. Of course, different healthcare systems will offer this to varying degrees, but we would envisage telemonitoring being an available option to most women in their pregnancy. As well as blood pressure, pregnant women are likely to be able to use telemonitoring for urinalysis and blood glucose monitoring where required. With rising levels of obesity and a higher proportion of women having babies at a later age, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy will increase and having telemonitoring as an available resource seems beneficial to patients, healthcare providers, and healthcare commissioners.