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Dictionary Learning Applications for HEp-2 Cell Classification
Published in Ervin Sejdić, Tiago H. Falk, Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Biomedical Big Data, 2018
Sadaf Monajemi, Shahab Ensafi, Shijian Lu, Ashraf A. Kassim, Chew Lim Tan, Saeid Sanei, Sim-Heng Ong
The goal of this chapter is to review and study the application of dictionary learning (DL) methods for diagnosis of autoimmune diseases (ADs). According to the American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association (AARDA), ADs are among the top mortality causes as the result of immune system failure to recognize the body’s normal protein as self. In these diseases, the immune system produces another type of antibody, called autoantibody, directed against that protein. This response of the immune system to the individual’s own tissues is called autoimmunity, and the related diseases are named ADs. Early diagnosis of ADs plays a crucial role in the treatment process of these diseases.
A comprehensive summary of disease variants implicated in metal allergy
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2022
The term ‘bullous autoimmune dermatoses’ comprises several disease subtypes with shared but distinctive pathophysiological characteristics – the two most common of which are pemphigus and pemphigoid. In both of these diseases, autoantibodies are involved in blistering eruptions of the skin and oral mucosa. Pemphigus-type diseases involve the development of autoantibodies reactive toward desmogleins – proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion – which results in the loss of keratinocyte structural integrity within the epidermis and subsequent lesion formation (Hammers and Stanley 2016). Comparatively, pemphigoid-type conditions emerge in response to autoantibody formation wherein reactivity to hemidesmosomes – proteins that mediate cell adhesion to the basement membrane – results in fixation of complement and subsequent inflammation and lesion emergence (Hofmann, Juratli, and Eming 2018). Both diseases primarily implicate IgG isoforms of effector autoantibodies, however, IgA-mediated variants of both disease types also exist (Kasperkiewicz et al. 2017).
Genetic variants affecting chemical mediated skin immunotoxicity
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2022
Isisdoris Rodrigues de Souza, Patrícia Savio de Araujo-Souza, Daniela Morais Leme
A potential role of null alleles of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in autoimmunity was suggested by Ollier et al. (1996) as this enables accumulation of ROS, resulting in cell death by apoptosis. Apoptosis is associated with skin autoimmunity because it allows keratinocytes to express surface blebs rich in autoantigens, such as the Ro antigen, that trigger production of anti-Ro antibody. Anti-Ro antibody is a type of anti-nuclear autoantibody associated with many autoimmune diseases (Millard, Fryer, and McGregor 2008). Apoptosis, under this context, may lead to a breakdown of the immune tolerance to Ro proteins or an exposure of Ro proteins to circulating anti-Ro antibodies results in autoimmunity (Millard, Fryer, and McGregor 2008; Ollier et al. 1996). Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) is an autoimmune skin disease associated with this biological process (Casciola-Rosen and Rosen 1997; Sontheimer 1989). SCLE presents outbreaks of erythematous, annular and/or papulosquamous lesions in a characteristic distribution and presenting Ro/SS-A autoantibodies and granular deposition of IgM, IgG and C3 in a band-like array at the dermal-epidermal junction (Lowe et al. 2011). SCLE was already induced by chemicals that induce ROS, including psoralen with UVA and environmental exposure to hydrazine-containing insecticides (Lowe et al. 2011; Shapiro et al. 2004).
Mine-site derived particulate matter exposure exacerbates neurological and pulmonary inflammatory outcomes in an autoimmune mouse model
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
Alexis Wilson, Carmen A. Velasco, Guy W. Herbert, Selita N. Lucas, Bethany N. Sanchez, José M. Cerrato, Michael Spilde, Quan-Zhen Li, Matthew J. Campen, Katherine E. Zychowski
Briefly, 6–7 week old NZBWF1/J, female mice were purchased from Taconic Labs (Rensselaer, New York) and acclimated in standard animal housing for one week according to the University of New Mexico IACUC protocol. This mouse strain and gender was selected based upon its development of autoimmune disease and autoantibody production that mimics human systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Other similarities to human SLE include its deposition of pathogenic kidney autoantibodies and development of glomerulonephritis (Nakajima et al. 1997).