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Microbial Biotechnology
Published in Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, James Chukwuma Ogbonna, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olawole O. Obembe, Ifeoma Maureen Ezeonu, Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Microbiomes and Emerging Applications, 2022
Olawole O. Obembe, Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, O. S. Aworunse, Nneka R. Agbakoba
The SLE, also simply called “Lupus,” is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease with a wide range of clinical and serological manifestations. It can affect the brain, joints, skin, blood cells, kidneys, heart, and lungs. The disease may be mild or severe and marked by relapses and remissions. The condition affects more women than men often. The pathogenesis of SLE is poorly understood and may involve hormonal factors, genetic and environmental factors like infection, and drugs (Zhang et al., 2014). Like in other autoimmune diseases, the gut microbiota has been suspected of playing a contributory role as etiologic agents in the pathogenesis of SLE. Reports of many studies show that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is suspected to affect the genesis and development of SLE.
Major Histocompatibility Complex and Autoimmune Disease
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Ursula Holzer, Gerald T. Nepom
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that may affect many organ systems including the skin, joints and internal organs. Typically, antibodies against the nucleus of cells (anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs)) are found in the serum of the patients. Studies in both animals and humans indicate that the development of this disease has a strong genetic basis — both MHC and non-MHC genes.84 Concerning the MHC genes, the disease has been associated with the HLA haplotypes HLA-DR2 (DRB1*1501) and HLA-DR3 (DRB1*0301). HLA-DRB1*0301 is associated with SLE in Caucasians of Northern and Western European ancestry, HLA-DRB1*1501 is associated in Caucasians and Eastern Asians patients, whereas the structurally related allele DRB1*1503 is uniquely found in African Americans.85,86 Within the DQ alleles, HLA-DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0201 are more frequent in Caucasians with SLE and DQB1*0602 is found more often in African American SLE patients compared to the respective control groups.85
Clinical Applications of Immunoassays
Published in Richard O’Kennedy, Caroline Murphy, Immunoassays, 2017
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory multisystem disease characterised by periods of relapses and remissions. The clinical diagnosis is based on specific symptoms and signs associated with SLE in addition to a number of laboratory investigations. Routine inflammatory markers, positive tests for the antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antibodies to double stranded DNA (dsDNA) and the Smith (Sm) antigen are highly suggestive of SLE [56]. In addition to the clinical history and examination, several different serological markers are used to assess disease severity. In the active stage of SLE there is an initial rise in IgG dsDNA titers and a fall in complement factors such as CH50, C3 and C4, while persistently low levels of C1q are associated with marked renal pathology. More recently, antibodies to C1q and nucleosomes are being investigated as potential serological markers of disease severity and organ involvement in SLE. Although, these markers can be useful in monitoring the disease, it is important to note that not all patients with these markers have active SLE [57].
Hazardous dusts from the fabrication of countertop: a review
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2023
W. Kyle Mandler, Chaolong Qi, Yong Qian
Silicosis has been associated with systemic inflammation and resultant autoimmune disorders for more than a century as cases of diffuse scleroderma were first described in a group of stone masons.42–44 Research has linked diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus,45–47 systemic sclerosis,48 and rheumatoid arthritis.42,49,50 The biologic mechanism underlying silica-induced autoimmune disorders is not clear. The presence of elevated antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is often reported in a subset of silicosis cases.51 In a group of 68 patients with silicosis of varying progression, lung antibodies were detected in 47. Of that antibody positive group, all expressed IgG lung antibodies, while 32 presented IgA, and IgM were detected in 15.52
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulators: a review of past, present, and future devices
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Lei Wang, Yu Wang, Yifei Wang, Fang Wang, Jinling Zhang, Shaoyuan Li, Mozheng Wu, Liang Li, Peijing Rong
Open studies of menstrual migraine have confirmed that taVNS can effectively relieve pain without adverse reactions or side effects [78]. In a 4-week randomized double-blind trial, taVNS effectively reduced the occurrence of pain at 2 h after stimulation. This proves the effectiveness and persistence of the treatment within limits [79]. At the same time, a number of randomized controlled trials showed that taVNS can significantly reduce the attack of chronic cluster headache [80] as well as the severity and duration of the attack [81]. Zhang et al. manifested [82] that taVNS had significantly reduced number of migraine days, pain intensity and migraine attack times after 4 weeks of treatment. Aranow et al. [83] demonstrated that taVNS resulted in significantly reduced pain, fatigue, and joint scores in systemic lupus erythematosus in a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial.
Mine-site derived particulate matter exposure exacerbates neurological and pulmonary inflammatory outcomes in an autoimmune mouse model
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
Alexis Wilson, Carmen A. Velasco, Guy W. Herbert, Selita N. Lucas, Bethany N. Sanchez, José M. Cerrato, Michael Spilde, Quan-Zhen Li, Matthew J. Campen, Katherine E. Zychowski
Serum neutrophil elastase was assessed via ELISAs (enzyme-linked immunoassay) from a commercial vendor (Signosis, Santa Clara, CA). Using a proteomic microarray containing autoantigens (UT Southwestern), serum IgG and IgM autoantibodies were also determined in a high-throughput platform from exposed and unexposed treatment groups. Key autoantigens included in the panel were selected based upon recent relevant autoimmune literature including, but not limited to Sjøgren’s syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis and rheumatoid arthritis. Selected autoantigens were adjusted to final concentration of 1 mg/ml with PBS and immobilized onto nitrocellulose membrane-coated glass slides using a non-contact micro-dispenser Nonoplotter NP2.1 (GeSim, Gemany). A 1:50 dilution of mouse serum was incubated with the array and anti-mouse IgG and anti-mouse IgM secondary antibodies tagged with two differing fluorophores (cy3 for IgG and cy5 for IgM) were used to determine autoantibody levels in each sample (Rajasinghe et al. 2020).