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Cancer
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Symptoms of bladder cancer include painless hematuria, frequent urination, burning, dysuria and sometimes, pyuria. Irritation from the tumor may mimic cystitis. The patient may also have anemia. With advanced carcinoma, pelvic pain develops after a pelvic mass becomes palpable.
The Urinary System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Infection or other irritation of the lower urinary tract is often characterized by dysuria (painful or difficult urination). A UTI may also present with numerous changes in the composition of the urine, including the presence of bacteria (bacteriuria), blood (hematuria), and pus (pyuria). Some drugs such as the sulfonamides, which are often used to treat UTIs, are concentrated in the urine, causing the formation of crystals (crystalluria) that can injure the kidneys, ureters, and urethra. Other diseases also change urine composition; for example, diabetes mellitus may produce glucosuria and hyperketonuria. Similarly, several renal diseases exhibit effects on other systems, particularly blood composition since the kidneys filter wastes from the blood. For example, renal azotemia (as well as shock, dehydration, excessive protein catabolism, and GI hemorrhage) can increase blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.
Urinary
Published in Keith Hopcroft, Vincent Forte, Symptom Sorter, 2020
Dysuria is a very common symptom which is likely to be welcomed by the busy duty doctor, given that the diagnosis and management are usually straightforward. It's worth bearing in mind, though, that there are occasional causes other than ‘cystitis’, especially in recurrent or unresolving cases. Also, genuine repeated infections can sometimes be a sign of some underlying problem.
Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae PCR detection in women treated for ectopic pregnancy
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Jana Racková, Jozef Záhumenský, Michael Zikán, Erika Menzlová, Borek Sehnal
Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide (Chemaitelly et al. 2019). Polymerase chain reaction proved chlamydial nucleic acid in endocervical specimen of 10.1% of Slovak women (Mikulova et al. 2013). The persisting chronic chlamydial infection can be associated with long-term problems such as dyspareunia and signs of dysuria (Peitsidis et al. 2012). However it may be completely asymptomatic in both partners and can manifest later in life as subfertility, tubal occlusion or ectopic pregnancy (Rantsi et al. 2019). Neisseria gonorrheae infection is less common and can manifest symptoms like pelvic inflammatory disease. However, it can also be a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy (Stevens and Criss 2018). While both pathogens can cause a chronic and inapparent infection, we presume that ChT and/or NG nucleic acid can be detected in cervical swab, endometrium or fallopian tube at the time of ectopic nidation. The aim of our study was to verify this hypothesis, confirm anamnestic risk factors for ChT/NG positivity and state appropriate antibiotic therapy of PID in case of statistically significant results.
The role of urodynamics in females with lower urinary tract symptoms
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2019
Riyad T. Al Mousa, Nader Al Dossary, Hashim Hashim
The lower urinary tract (LUT) has two main functions: storage of urine at low pressure and emptying of urine at a convenient time and place. The organs of the LUT responsible for these functions are the bladder, urethra, and urethral sphincter. Any disturbance of the urinary storage or voiding phases, can lead to LUTS. LUTS is a term that covers symptoms that result from conditions and diseases affecting the bladder and the urethra. These are storage symptoms, which include the overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome (urgency, urgency urinary incontinence [UUI], frequency and nocturia), as well as pain and stress UI (SUI). Voiding symptoms, which include slow and/or interrupted stream, terminal, dribble hesitancy or straining. Suspicious symptoms, such as haematuria (blood in the urine) and dysuria (pain passing urine), may indicate a bladder tumour or UTI. Post-micturition symptoms include post-micturition dribble (or UI) and the sensation of incomplete emptying [1].
Emerging intravesical drugs for the treatment of non muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2018
Jasper Crijnen, Theo M. De Reijke
The mechanism of action of DMSO is to increase the penetration of agents in body tissue, such as the urothelium of the bladder. In trials with the urinary bladder of dogs and rats, an increase in the absorption of several intravesical chemotherapy agents, such as doxorubicin, pirarubicin, and epirubicin, was found [59,60]. The coadministration of DMSO with intravesical chemotherapy is a potential treatment enhancing approach. In a randomized phase III trial of 230 patients receiving pharmacokinetic manipulations, urinary alkalization or an increase in the total drug dose and a decrease the volume of the diluent compared to regular treatment showed a time to recurrence of 29.1 months compared to the regular treatment 11.8 months (p = .005) [61]. The patients reported a higher rate of dysuria 33% versus 18% but this did not lead to any discontinuing of treatment [61].