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Cancer (Bladder)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Nicotine: Those at risk for developing bladder cancer, as well as those patients with bladder cancer, should avoid smoking. Cigarette smokers have a higher risk of bladder cancer than previously thought. A study found that the proportion of bladder cancer due to smoking in women is now the same as for men—about 50%.1 Former smokers were twice as likely to develop bladder cancer as those who never smoked, and current smokers were four times more likely to do so.1
Cancer
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Symptoms of bladder cancer include painless hematuria, frequent urination, burning, dysuria and sometimes, pyuria. Irritation from the tumor may mimic cystitis. The patient may also have anemia. With advanced carcinoma, pelvic pain develops after a pelvic mass becomes palpable.
Prognosis of Neurogenic Bladders
Published in Jacques Corcos, Gilles Karsenty, Thomas Kessler, David Ginsberg, Essentials of the Adult Neurogenic Bladder, 2020
Bladder cancer is a serious concern mainly in the long run of bladder management. It is important to inform the patient of the long-term risk of epidermoid carcinoma (around 25% higher than in general population) and to point out the probable risk factors: smoking, infections, stones, and catheterization. Routine cytologies and cystoscopies are recommended after 10–15 years of diagnosis of neurogenic bladder.20
A serum miRNAs signature for early diagnosis of bladder cancer
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Zuhu Yu, Chong Lu, Yongqing Lai
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common urologic neoplasms and generates a heavy social burden with over 200,000 related deaths worldwide annually [1]. It has many associated factors such as cigarette smoking, chronic infection or irritation, occupational exposures to polyaromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, aromatic amines and other carcinogenic chemicals [2]. Painless hematuria is the most common clinical manifestation of bladder cancer and many patients often present asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, which may lead to a delay to the diagnose [3]. Patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) could have their bladder saved by transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), while for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), the survival and quality of life are extremely awful after radical cystectomy and urinary diversion [4]. Early diagnosis of bladder cancer can significantly improve the survival and quality of life of patients. At present, cystoscopy remains the gold standard for bladder cancer. However, the invasiveness and corresponding postoperative complications of this inspection restrict its extensive usage in the clinical screening of cancer [5]. Thus, seeking for reliable noninvasive marker for the early diagnosis of bladder cancer is urgently needed.
The status of bladder cancer research worldwide, a bibliometric review and recommendations
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2023
Hussein Awada, Adel Hajj Ali, Mohammad A. Zeineddine, Hasan Nassereldine, Zahy Abdul Sater, Deborah Mukherji
One of the most important parameters to investigate when evaluating cancer research is the distribution of output in its various topics. It allows us to understand the current observed trends in research and shed the light on the neglected parts that if studied may improve the outcomes for cancer patients. The main area of focus as determined by our results was management, especially surgical interventions. This is mainly because early clinical trials proved that radical cystectomy is superior to bladder sparing treatments and with more focused research ever since solidified surgery as the mainstay of treatment [26]. Second to surgery, more evidence through the growing research on chemotherapy has shown it to be an effective treatment but only when coupled with surgery as either a neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment [27]. Radiotherapy, which is the least researched part of the management, is most of the time reserved as palliative treatment for terminal cases that refuse surgery [26]. Another heavily researched topic is bladder cancer diagnosis. Advancements in diagnostics of bladder cancer have decreased the risk of recurrence and has improved the early detection of the disease; however, it is yet to improve the survival rate [28]. Better outcomes are further expected with the continuous research and the emergence of new techniques [28].
Current status of the development of intravesical drug delivery systems for the treatment of bladder cancer
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Ho Yub Yoon, Hee Mang Yang, Chang Hyun Kim, Yoon Tae Goo, Myung Joo Kang, Sangkil Lee, Young Wook Choi
Although extensive research has been performed to overcome limitations in cancer therapy, cancer still results in high mortality worldwide [1,2]. Bladder cancer ranks among the top 10 most common malignancies worldwide, with approximately 550 000 new cases annually [3]. It is also one of the five leading causes of cancer death, especially in men over the age of 80. The 5-year relative survival rate is reported to be approximately 77%, and 51% of all cases are diagnosed before the tumor has spread beyond the layer of cells in which it developed [4]. Bladder cancer is characterized by abnormal cells that proliferate in the urothelial lining of the urinary bladder, with stages varying from 0 to IV, which defines the disease progression. Generally, bladder cancer is classified into non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which accounts for 70% of cases at diagnosis, and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), which is observed in approximately 30% of the patients [4,5]. Unfortunately, 70% of the patients develop tumor recurrence within 5 years, with 25% progressing to MIBC after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) [5]. This makes bladder cancer one of the most expensive malignancies to treat owing to the necessity of frequent cystoscopic surveillance and re-treatment [5].