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Structured Exercise, Lifestyle Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Barry A. Franklin, Thomas F. O’Connell
Structured exercise training sessions should include a preliminary aerobic warm-up (~10 minutes), a continuous or accumulated aerobic conditioning phase (≥30 minutes), and a cool-down (5 to 10 minutes). The warm-up facilitates the transition from rest to the aerobic conditioning phase, reducing the potential for abnormal signs/symptoms (e.g., ischemic ST-segment depression, ventricular arrhythmias) that can occur with the onset of sudden strenuous exertion (Barnard et al., 1973). The ideal warm-up for any endurance activity is calisthenics followed by the training activity but at a lower intensity. A cool-down enhances venous return during recovery, decreasing the likelihood of hypotension and related manifestations, promotes more rapid removal of lactic acid than stationary recovery, and ameliorates the potential deleterious effects of the post-exercise rise in plasma catecholamines (Dimsdale et al., 1984).
Polio
Published in Rae-Ellen W. Kavey, Allison B. Kavey, Viral Pandemics, 2020
Rae-Ellen W. Kavey, Allison B. Kavey
There are currently no effective pharmaceutical treatments that can stop the deterioration or reverse deficits. However, multiple studies have shown that non-fatiguing exercise with rest periods can significantly improve mild to moderate muscle weakness. Aquatic exercise programs designed to avoid muscle overuse improve flexibility, strength and cardiorespiratory function. Use of assistive devices can also improve specific muscle and joint symptoms. Most patients with respiratory insufficiency respond to non-invasive positive pressure ventilation and do not progress to permanent, full-time ventilation. Finally, aerobic conditioning has been shown to improve cardiac function without causing adverse effects.94
Endoscopic shelf acetabuloplasty for the treatment of patients in the setting of hip dysplasia
Published in K. Mohan Iyer, Hip Preservation Techniques, 2019
Soshi Uchida, Dean K. Matsuda, Akinori Sakai
Patients are allowed to progress to Phase III (weeks 12–16) only if passive ROM is symmetric pain free, with a normal gait patter. Aerobic conditioning is advanced using an elliptical machine with a goal of 30 min of continuous exercise at a low to moderate intensity.
A strategic physical therapy approach to restore function and maintain quality of life for a patient with multiple myeloma and vertebral fracture: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
The plan of care for this patient was determined after a thorough review of the literature and a consultation with an oncology PT specialist to ensure an appropriate approach to this complex patient case was performed. The plan of care consisted of 2 visits per week for a total of 10 weeks. Each session was approximately 1 hour in duration. These sessions consisted of a combination of education, aerobic conditioning, strengthening, balance training, and functional training, detailed in the following sections. Additionally, a home exercise program (HEP) was prescribed and progressed as needed. The patient provided written consent to all treatments and was highly motivated to participate. All HIPAA requirements have been satisfied and this report has been approved by Mercer University’s Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research.
The influence of relative playing area and player numerical imbalance on physical and perceptual demands in soccer small-sided game formats
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2022
Andrew N. Guard, Kenneth McMillan, Niall G. MacFarlane
This increase in heart rate with available space may partly be explained by the resultant increase in average velocity and subsequent meterage in SSGL and SSGM, augmenting the higher work-to-rest ratios observed in these formats. Therefore, SSG on larger areas may be beneficial for providing a stimulus for aerobic conditioning compared to those on smaller pitches, as heart rate intensity is close to that suggested to aid and VO2max improvements (Helgerud et al. 2001). It is these cardiovascular adaptations that aid in the transport and utilisation of oxygen to fuel what is a predominantly aerobic sport, also enabling faster recovery kinetics from intense efforts, therefore delaying effects of fatigue (such a muscular acidosis with lactate accumulation, Bangsbo 1994). The same effect on work-rate in larger games was also found by Casamichana and Castellano (2010) on increasing relative pitch area in 5 v 5. As in the present study, various measures of motor-behaviour (total distance, high-intensity distance, peak speed and work-to-rest ratio) and perceptual load were also greater on larger playing areas. This may be more useful information on physical intensity, given the reported limitations on heart rate application to monitoring exercise in intensity in intermittent sports, such as soccer (Achten and Jeukendrup 2003).
Examining physiotherapist use of structured aerobic exercise testing to decrease barriers to aerobic exercise
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2019
Evan Foster, B.Sc., Julia E. Fraser, Elizabeth L. Inness, PhD, Sarah Munce, Louis Biasin, Vivien Poon, Mark Bayley
Prolonged inactivity after an acute injury can lead to significant losses in aerobic capacity. Kortebein et al. (2008) determined that as few as 10 days of bed-rest resulted in a 12% reduction in aerobic capacity in a population of healthy older adults. Many patients admitted to rehabilitation centers following an acute event, regardless of their diagnosis, have decreased aerobic conditioning and physical function (Coker et al., 2015; Kortebein et al., 2008). As a result, the American College of Sports Medicine’s (ACSM) best practice guidelines suggest that aerobic exercise should be an integral component of rehabilitation as soon as the patient is medically stable (Riebe, Ehrman, Liquori, and Magal, 2017). Aerobic exercise has previously been associated with improvements in aerobic capacity, gains in cardiorespiratory fitness, and improvements in short- and long-term memory, mood, executive function, and cognition (Chapman et al., 2013). Aerobic exercise is also a well-established and highly effective treatment to decrease secondary complications such as reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, osteoporosis, anxiety, and depression (Billinger et al., 2014; Haskell et al., 2007; Kortebein et al., 2008).